部分有序自旋液体中的单极空穴
Monopole holes in a partially ordered spin liquid
摘要：
如果自旋液体是由它们不是什么来定义的，即有序的，那么在过去的几年里，有序和自旋液体之间的边界开始消失，越来越多的材料在没有（部分）磁序和自旋涨落共存的情况下无法解释其低温物理学。在这里，我们研究这样的共存的磁偶极相互作用的存在下，有关自旋冰，在那里的顺序是长程和波动支持库仑规范场的一个例子。拓扑缺陷通过能量和熵库仑相互作用有效地耦合，后者比自旋冰基态更强。根据这些缺陷是否打破了库仑规范场的无发散条件或长程序，它们分别被归类为单极子（如自旋冰）或单极空穴（类似于半导体中的电子空穴）。长程序扮演一个完全占据的价带的角色，而库仑自旋液体可以被看作是一个空的导电带。这些结果进行了讨论的背景下，其他晶格和模型，支持一个类似的共存库仑规范场和长程序。我们通过解释偶极相互作用如何通过最大化可翻转斑块的数量来在非常低的能量尺度下提升自旋液体简并度来结束这项工作，根据等效量子二聚体模型。
英文摘要：
If spin liquids have been famously defined by what they are not, i.e. ordered, the past years have seen the frontier between order and spin liquid starting to fade, with a growing number of materials whose low-temperature physics cannot be explained without co-existence of (partial) magnetic order and spin fluctuations. Here we study an example of such co-existence in the presence of magnetic dipolar interactions, related to spin ice, where the order is long range and the fluctuations support a Coulomb gauge field. Topological defects are effectively coupled via energetic and entropic Coulomb interactions, the latter one being stronger than for the spin-ice ground state. Depending on whether these defects break the divergence-free condition of the Coulomb gauge field or the long-range order, they are respectively categorized as monopoles - as in spin ice - or monopole holes, in analogy with electron holes in semiconductors. The long-range order plays the role of a fully-occupied valence band, while the Coulomb spin liquid can be seen as an empty conducting band. These results are discussed in the context of other lattices and models which support a similar co-existence of Coulomb gauge field and long-range order. We conclude this work by explaining how dipolar interactions lift the spin liquid degeneracy at very low energy scale by maximizing the number of flippable plaquettes, in light of the equivalent quantum dimer model.
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