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arXiv 1202.4907cond-mat.str-el
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强关联电子系统的静态和动态变分原理

Static and dynamic variational principles for strongly correlated electron systems

Michael Potthoff

摘要:

由大量强相互作用电子组成的系统的平衡态可以用它的密度算符来表征。这样就可以直接得到基态能量,或者在有限温度下得到系统的自由能以及其他静态物理量。另一方面,系统的基本激励在格林函数的语言内描述,即依赖于时间或频率的动态量,其给出了对受到弱依赖于时间的外部扰动的系统的线性响应的直接访问。一个典型的例子是与单电子格林函数相关的角旋转光电子能谱。由于通常静态和动态物理量都不能精确地从像哈伯德模型这样的晶格费米子模型中得到,人们不得不求助于近似。反对更多的特设处理,变分原理承诺提供一致的和控制的近似。在这里,里兹原理和广义版本的里兹原理在有限温度下的静态情况下,一方面和动态变分原理的单电子格林函数或自能的另一方面,介绍,详细讨论和相互比较,以显示概念上的相似性和差异。特别地,非微扰动力学近似的构造配方是从基于广义里兹原理的静态平均场论的构造中获得的。在这两个不同的框架内,它显示了哪些类型的近似是可访问的,并制定出各自的弱点和长处。静态Hartree-Fock理论以及动态平均场论被发现作为原型近似。

英文摘要:

The equilibrium state of a system consisting of a large number of strongly interacting electrons can be characterized by its density operator. This gives a direct access to the ground-state energy or, at finite temperatures, to the free energy of the system as well as to other static physical quantities. Elementary excitations of the system, on the other hand, are described within the language of Green's functions, i.e. time- or frequency-dependent dynamic quantities which give a direct access to the linear response of the system subjected to a weak time-dependent external perturbation. A typical example is angle-revolved photoemission spectroscopy which is linked to the single-electron Green's function. Since usually both, the static as well as the dynamic physical quantities, cannot be obtained exactly for lattice fermion models like the Hubbard model, one has to resort to approximations. Opposed to more ad hoc treatments, variational principles promise to provide consistent and controlled approximations. Here, the Ritz principle and a generalized version of the Ritz principle at finite temperatures for the static case on the one hand and a dynamical variational principle for the single-electron Green's function or the self-energy on the other hand are introduced, discussed in detail and compared to each other to show up conceptual similarities and differences. In particular, the construction recipe for non-perturbative dynamic approximations is taken over from the construction of static mean-field theory based on the generalized Ritz principle. Within the two different frameworks, it is shown which types of approximations are accessible, and their respective weaknesses and strengths are worked out. Static Hartree-Fock theory as well as dynamical mean-field theory are found as the prototypical approximations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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