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arXiv 1202.3465astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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作为行星特征的原行星盘间隙:I.方法和验证

Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks as Signatures of Planets: I. Methodology and Validation

Hannah Jang-Condell, Neal J. Turner

摘要:

我们研究的观测结果的部分差距被打开的行星在原行星盘。我们使用一个静态的α-磁盘模型与详细的辐射转移,参数化的形状和大小的部分清除间隙的流体动力学模拟的结果的基础上,磁盘建模。阴影和照明的恒星照射在表面的差距导致增加的对比度的差距槽加深阴影和冷却和遥远的差距壁膨胀的照明和加热。在计算观测量,我们发现,多重散射是很重要的,并推导出一个近似,包括这些影响。一颗200 M_Earth(70 M_Earth)的行星在10 AU处产生的间隙可以通过间隙槽中的阴影和间隙远肩的照明降低/升高盘的中面温度高达~-25/+29%(~-11/+19%)。在金牛座的距离上,这个间隙可以用~0.01”的角分辨率分辨。间隙对比度在散射光和地面温度的热连续波长特征处最显著,从而将表面亮度降低或提高多达数量级。由于间隙的大小与行星质量相关,这是一种很有希望的方法来发现和确定嵌入在原行星盘中的行星的质量。

英文摘要:

We examine the observational consequences of partial gaps being opened by planets in protoplanetary disks. We model the disk using a static alpha-disk model with detailed radiative transfer, parametrizing the shape and size of the partially cleared gaps based on the results of hydrodynamic simulations. Shadowing and illumination by stellar irradiation at the surface of the gap leads to increased contrast as the gap trough is deepened by shadowing and cooling and the far gap wall is puffed up by illumination and heating. In calculating observables, we find that multiple scattering is important and derive an approximation to include these effects. A gap produced by a 200 M_Earth (70 M_Earth) planet at 10 AU can lower/raise the midplane temperature of the disk by up to ~-25/+29% (~-11/+19%) by shadowing in the gap trough and illumination on the far shoulder of the gap. At the distance of Taurus, this gap would be resolvable with ~0.01" angular resolution. The gap contrast is most significant in scattered light and at thermal continuum wavelengths characteristic of the surface temperature, reducing or raising the surface brightness by up to order of magnitude. Since gaps sizes are correlated to planet mass, this is a promising way of finding and determining the masses of planets embedded in protoplanetary disks.

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