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arXiv 1202.2789cs.GT
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组合拍卖中真实性的计算复杂性

The Computational Complexity of Truthfulness in Combinatorial Auctions

Shahar Dobzinski, Jan Vondrak

摘要:

拍卖机制设计的一个基本问题是真实性和计算易处理性之间是否存在内在的冲突:特别是,多项式时间的组合拍卖真实机制在近似比方面是否比非真实机制弱。这个问题是最近回答普遍真实的组合拍卖机制\cite{D11},甚至为真实的预期机制\cite{DughmiV11}。然而,这两个结果都是基于信息理论的参数值预言给出的估值,并留下了简洁描述类估值多项式时间真实机制的可能性。本文是第一个证明{ \em计算硬度}结果的真实机制的组合拍卖与简洁描述的估值。我们证明,有一类简洁地表示子模块的估值,没有确定性的真实机制提供了一个$m^{1/2-ε}$ -近似常数$ε>0$,除非$NP=RP$($m$表示的项目数)。此外,我们证明了,即使是真实的预期机制不能近似组合拍卖与某些简洁描述的子模块估值优于$n^γ$内,其中$n$是投标人和$γ>0$一些绝对常数的数量,除非$NP \subseteq P/poly$。此外,我们证明了两个相关问题的计算硬度的结果。

英文摘要:

One of the fundamental questions of Algorithmic Mechanism Design is whether there exists an inherent clash between truthfulness and computational tractability: in particular, whether polynomial-time truthful mechanisms for combinatorial auctions are provably weaker in terms of approximation ratio than non-truthful ones. This question was very recently answered for universally truthful mechanisms for combinatorial auctions \cite{D11}, and even for truthful-in-expectation mechanisms \cite{DughmiV11}. However, both of these results are based on information-theoretic arguments for valuations given by a value oracle, and leave open the possibility of polynomial-time truthful mechanisms for succinctly described classes of valuations. This paper is the first to prove {\em computational hardness} results for truthful mechanisms for combinatorial auctions with succinctly described valuations. We prove that there is a class of succinctly represented submodular valuations for which no deterministic truthful mechanism provides an $m^{1/2-ε}$-approximation for a constant $ε>0$, unless $NP=RP$ ($m$ denotes the number of items). Furthermore, we prove that even truthful-in-expectation mechanisms cannot approximate combinatorial auctions with certain succinctly described submodular valuations better than within $n^γ$, where $n$ is the number of bidders and $γ>0$ some absolute constant, unless $NP \subseteq P/poly$. In addition, we prove computational hardness results for two related problems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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