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arXiv 1111.3929astro-ph.SR
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上天蝎座OB星协中棕矮星的圆盘频率:对棕矮星形成理论的启示

Disc Frequencies for Brown Dwarfs in the Upper Scorpius OB Association: Implications for Brown Dwarf Formation Theories

B. Riaz, N. Lodieu, S. Goodwin, D. Stamatellos, M. Thompson

摘要:

我们研究了上天蝎座OB星协(USCO)中的棕矮星(BD)和星盘部分,并将它们与其他几个年轻区域进行了比较。我们已经编制了最完整的样本的所有光谱确认的BD在USCO,并已利用WISE目录,以确定光盘的候选人。我们报告在USCO发现了12个新的BD光盘,光谱类型(SpT)在M6和M8.5之间。新光盘的WISE颜色类似于USCO早期检测到的原始(过渡)光盘。结合以前的调查,我们发现最低的内盘分数(~20-25%)的广泛的恒星质量(~0.01-4.0 Msun)的USCO协会。在USCO(和其他星团)的高质量恒星的低盘分数是一致的,随着年龄的发展,内盘频率下降。然而,BD盘分数高于1- 300万年星团中的恒星,但在约500万年的USco中非常低。此外,原始BD盘仍然可以在~ 1000万年TW长蛇座星协中看到,而更高质量的恒星都在这个年龄过渡到碎片阶段。BD的盘频率不表现出任何依赖于恒星密度或BD/星群中的恒星数比。我们认为,所观察到的BD光盘分数区域之间的巨大差异可能是由于不同的BD形成机制,因此不同的初始光盘分数/属性。我们还提出了一个WISE SED分类方案,基于3.4- 12微米的Ks和WISE带,以区分I/II类和III类序列。我们的工作包括WISE和斯皮策圆盘调查的灵敏度的比较。我们估计,WISE可以是不完整的光盘在SPT晚于M8在遥远的集群,如SOri。WISE应该能够恢复附近年轻星团中的M8-M9盘。

英文摘要:

We have investigated the brown dwarf (BD) and stellar disc fractions in the Upper Scorpius OB Association (USco) and compared them with several other young regions. We have compiled the most complete sample of of all spectroscopically confirmed BDs in USco, and have made use of the WISE catalog to identify the disc candidates. We report on the discovery of 12 new BD discs in USco, with spectral type (SpT) between M6 and M8.5. The WISE colors for the new discs are similar to the primordial (transition) discs earlier detected in USco. Combining with previous surveys, we find the lowest inner disc fractions (~20-25%) for a wide range in stellar masses (~0.01-4.0 Msun) in the USco association. The low disc fractions for high-mass stars in USco (and the other clusters) are consistent with an evolutionary decline in inner disc frequency with age. However, BD disc fractions are higher than those for the stars in 1-3 Myr clusters, but very low in the ~5 Myr old USco. Also, primordial BD discs are still visible in the ~10 Myr TW Hydrae association, whereas the higher mass stars have all transitioned to the debris stage by this age. The disc frequencies for BDs do not show any dependence on the stellar density or the BD/star number ratio in a cluster. We suggest that the large differences in the observed BD disc fractions between regions may well be due to different BD formation mechanisms and therefore different initial disc fractions/properties. We also present a WISE SED classification scheme, based on the Ks and WISE bands of 3.4-12micron, to distinguish between the Class I/II and the Class III sequence. Our work includes a comparison of the sensitivities of WISE and Spitzer disc surveys. We estimate that WISE can be incomplete for discs at SpT later than M8 in distant clusters such as SOri. WISE should be able to recover the M8-M9 discs in the nearby young clusters.

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