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arXiv 0906.2401astro-ph.SR
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棕矮星中硅酸盐的演化

Silicate Evolution in Brown Dwarf Disks

B. Riaz

摘要:

我们提出了一个组成分析的10微米的硅酸盐光谱的棕矮星盘在金牛座和上天蝎座(UppSco)恒星形成的地区,使用档案斯皮策/IRS观测。观察到硅酸盐特征的多样性,范围从峰值在9.8微米的窄轮廓到几乎平坦的低对比度特征。对于大多数对象,我们发现几乎相等的分数为大颗粒和晶体的质量分数,这两个过程是活跃在这些磁盘。金牛座褐矮星的平均晶体质量分数为20%,比金牛座中更高质量恒星的平均值高出约2倍。发现大晶粒的质量分数随着X射线发射强度的增加而增加,而对于结晶质量分数则观察到相反的趋势。一小部分5%的金牛座褐矮星仍然被原始的类ISM尘埃所控制,其无定形亚微米颗粒质量分数约为87%。对于15%的物体,我们发现大颗粒质量分数可以忽略不计,但> 60%的小无定形硅酸盐分数。这些情况可能是在磁盘中发生大量晶粒生长和灰尘沉降,导致磁盘表面中高比例的非晶亚微米晶粒。在UppSco棕矮星中,只有usd161939的S/N高到足以正确模拟其硅酸盐光谱。我们发现,74%的小非晶颗粒和26%的晶体质量分数为这个对象。

英文摘要:

We present a compositional analysis of the 10 micron silicate spectra for brown dwarf disks in the Taurus and Upper Scorpius (UppSco) star-forming regions, using archival Spitzer/IRS observations. A variety in the silicate features is observed, ranging from a narrow profile with a peak at 9.8 micron, to nearly flat, low-contrast features. For most objects, we find nearly equal fractions for the large-grain and crystalline mass fractions, indicating both processes to be active in these disks. The median crystalline mass fraction for the Taurus brown dwarfs is found to be 20%, a factor of ~2 higher than the median reported for the higher mass stars in Taurus. The large-grain mass fractions are found to increase with an increasing strength in the X-ray emission, while the opposite trend is observed for the crystalline mass fractions. A small 5% of the Taurus brown dwarfs are still found to be dominated by pristine ISM-like dust, with an amorphous sub-micron grain mass fraction of ~87%. For 15% of the objects, we find a negligible large-grain mass fraction, but a >60% small amorphous silicate fraction. These may be the cases where substantial grain growth and dust sedimentation has occurred in the disks, resulting in a high fraction of amorphous sub-micron grains in the disk surface. Among the UppSco brown dwarfs, only usd161939 has a S/N high enough to properly model its silicate spectrum. We find a 74% small amorphous grain and a ~26% crystalline mass fraction for this object.

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