By applying the derivative operator to the corresponding hypergeometric form of a $q$-series transformation due to Andrews [1,Theorem 4], we establish a general harmonic number identity. As the special cases of it, several interesting Chu-Donno type identities and Paule-Schneider type identities are displayed.
A product difference equation is proved and used for derivation by elementary methods of four combinatorial identities, eight combinatorial identities involving generalized harmonic numbers and eight combinatorial identities involving classical harmonic numbers. For the binomial coefficients the definition with gamma functions is used, thus also allowing non-integer arguments in the identities. The generalized harmonic numbers in this case are harmonic numbers with a complex offset, where the classical harmonic numbers are a special case with offset zero.
The classical hypergeometric summation theorems are exploited to derive several striking identities on harmonic numbers including those discovered recently by Paule and Schneider (2003).
A generalization of the Chu-Vandermonde convolution is presented and proved with the integral representation method. This identity can be transformed into another identity, which has as special cases two known identities. Another identity that is closely related to this identity is presented and proved. Using the modified geometric series from another paper, some closely related identities are listed. Some corresponding harmonic number identities are derived, which have as special cases some known harmonic number identities. For one combinatorial sum a recursion formula is derived and used to …
The aim of this paper is to present a general algebraic identity. Applying this identity, we provide several formulas involving the q-binomial coefficients and the q-harmonic numbers. We also recover some known identities including an algebraic identity of D. Y. Zheng on q-Apéry numbers and we establish the q-analog of Euler's formula. The proposed results may have important applications in the theory of q-supercongruences.
In this work we prove a new combinatorial identity and applying it we establish many finite harmonic sum identities. Among many others, we prove that \begin{equation*} \sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{k}\binom{n}{k}H_{n-k}=H_n^2+\sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{(-1)^{k}}{k^2\binom{n}{k}}, \end{equation*} and \begin{equation*} \sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{k^2}\binom{n}{k}H_{n-k}=\frac{H_n[H_n^2+H_n^{(2)}]}{2}-\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{(-1)^k[H_n-H_k]}{(k+1)(n-k)\binom{n}{k}}. \end{equation*} Almost all of our results are new, while a few of them recapture know results.
By means of partial fraction method, we investigate the decomposition of rational functions. Several striking identities on harmonic numbers and generalized Apery numbers will be established, including the binomial-harmonic number identity associated with Beukers' conjecture on Apery numbers.
We consider a special class of binomial sums involving harmonic numbers and we prove three identities by using the elementary method of the partial fraction decomposition. Some applications to infinite series and congruences are given.
In terms of the telescoping method, a simple binomial sum is given. By applying the derivative operators to the equation just mentioned, we establish several general harmonic number identities including some known results.
Two types of finite series of products of harmonic numbers involving nonnegative integer powers are evaluated, also yielding two other important harmonic number identities. The recursion formulas for these sums are derived, which are easily translated into a computer program.
We introduce a class of $f(t)$-factorials, or $f(t)$-Pochhammer symbols, that includes many, if not most, well-known factorial and multiple factorial function variants as special cases. We consider the combinatorial properties of the corresponding generalized classes of Stirling numbers of the first kind which arise as the coefficients of the symbolic polynomial expansions of these $f$-factorial functions. The combinatorial properties of these more general parameterized Stirling number triangles we prove within the article include analogs to known expansions of the ordinary Stirling numbers by…
Some finite series of harmonic numbers involving certain reciprocals are evaluated. Products of such reciprocals are expanded in a sum of the individual reciprocals, leading to a computer program. A list of examples is provided.
The integral representation of the Hadamard product of two functions is used to prove several Euler-type series transformation formulas. As applications we obtain three binomial identities involving harmonic numbers and an identity for the Laguerre polynomials. We also evaluate in a closed form certain power series with harmonic numbers
Recently, Chen, Hou and Jin used both Abel's lemma on summation by parts and Zeilberger's algorithm to generate recurrence relations for definite summations. Meanwhile, they proposed the Abel-Gosper method to evaluate some indefinite sums involving harmonic numbers. In this paper, we use the Abel-Gosper method to prove an identity involving the generalized harmonic numbers. Special cases of this result reduce to many famous identities. In addition, we use both Abel's lemma and the WZ method to verify and to discover identities involving harmonic numbers. Many interesting examples are also pres…
Osburn and Schneider derived several combinatorial identities involving harmonic numbers using the computer programm Sigma. Here, they are derived by partial fraction decomposition and creative telescoping.
Summation by parts is used to find the sum of a finite series of generalized harmonic numbers involving a specific polynomial or rational function. The Euler-Maclaurin formula for sums of powers is used to find the sums of some finite series of generalized harmonic numbers involving nonnegative integer powers, which can be used to evaluate the sums of the finite series of generalized harmonic numbers involving polynomials. Many examples and a computer program are provided.
We establish two binomial coefficient--generalized harmonic sum identities using the partial fraction decomposition method. These identities are a key ingredient in the proofs of numerous supercongruences. In particular, in other works of the author, they are used to establish modulo $p^k$ ($k>1$) congruences between truncated generalized hypergeometric series, and a function which extends Greene's hypergeometric function over finite fields to the $p$-adic setting. A specialization of one of these congruences is used to prove an outstanding conjecture of Rodriguez-Villegas which relates a trun…
We consider the reflection identities for harmonic sums at weight four. We decompose a product of two harmonic sums with mixed pole structure into a linear combination of terms each having a pole at either negative or positive values of the argument. The pole decomposition demonstrates how the product of two simpler harmonic sums can build more complicated harmonic sums at higher weight. We list a minimal irreducible bilinear set of reflection identities at weight four which present the main result of the paper. We also discuss how other trilinear and quartic reflection identities can be easil…
Through a brute-force approach to calculating the higher derivatives of the falling factorial function, a number of interesting quantities were obtained and analyzed. In particular, it was found that a quantity that can be described as the "elementary symmetric harmonic sum" is a natural way to describe the solutions to such higher derivatives. The relationship of this type of generalized harmonic number to other quantities discussed in the literature, such as the r-Stirling numbers, was described in detail.
In the paper, the author establishes some identities which show that the functions $\frac1{(1-e^{\pm t})^k}$ and the derivatives $\bigl(\frac1{e^{\pm t}-1}\bigr)^{(i)}$ can be expressed each other by linear combinations with coefficients involving the combinatorial numbers and the Stirling numbers of the second kind, where $t\ne0$ and $i,k\in\mathbb{N}$.
In the framework of nonstandard analysis, Bang-He Li and the author defined the product of any two distributions on $R^n$ via their harmonic representations. The product of $δ(x_{1},..., x_{n})$ and $δ(x_{1})$ was calculated by Kuribayashi and the author in [LK]. In this paper, the result of [LK] is improved to $$δ(x_{1},..., x_{n})\circ δ(x_{1}) =\dfrac{1}{2πρ} δ(x_{1},..., x_{n}) {mod} {infinitesimals}$$ where $ρ$ is a positive infinitesimal. Moreover two combinatorial identities are obtained as byproducts.
The classic Cayley identity states that \det(\partial) (\det X)^s = s(s+1)...(s+n-1) (\det X)^{s-1} where X=(x_{ij}) is an n-by-n matrix of indeterminates and \partial=(\partial/\partial x_{ij}) is the corresponding matrix of partial derivatives. In this paper we present straightforward combinatorial proofs of a variety of Cayley-type identities, both old and new. The most powerful of these proofs employ Grassmann algebra (= exterior algebra) and Grassmann-Berezin integration. Among the new identities proven here are a pair of "diagonal-parametrized" Cayley identities, a pair of "Laplacian-par…
We consider nested sums involving the Pochhammer symbol at infinity and rewrite them in terms of a small set of constants, such as powers of $π,$ $\log(2)$ or zeta values. In order to perform these simplifications, we view the series as specializations of generating series. For these generating series, we derive integral representations in terms of root-valued iterated integrals or directly in terms of cyclotomic harmonic polylogarithms. Using substitutions, we express the root-valued iterated integrals as cyclotomic harmonic polylogarithms. Finally, by applying known relations among the cyclo…
Several combinatorial identities are presented, involving Stirling functions of the second kind with a complex variable. The identities involve also Stirling numbers of the first kind, binomial coefficients and harmonic numbers.
In this paper we generalize the famous Jacobi's triple product identity, considered as an identity for theta functions with characteristics and their derivatives, to higher genus/dimension. By applying the results and methods developed in our previous paper math.AG/0310085 several generalizations to Siegel modular forms are obtained. These generalizations are identities satisfied by theta functions with characteristics and their derivatives at zero. Equating the coefficients of the Fourier expansion of these relations to zero yields non-trivial combinatorial identities.
We consider properties of the operators D(r,M)=a^r(a^†a)^M (which we call generalized Laguerre-type derivatives), with r=1,2,..., M=0,1,..., where a and a^†are boson annihilation and creation operators respectively, satisfying [a,a^†]=1. We obtain explicit formulas for the normally ordered form of arbitrary Taylor-expandable functions of D(r,M) with the help of an operator relation which generalizes the Dobinski formula. Coherent state expectation values of certain operator functions of D(r,M) turn out to be generating functions of combinatorial numbers. In many cases the corresponding combina…
We study the problem of generalization of Oresme numbers with a new sequence of numbers called Oresme polynomials. Moreover, by using the matrix methods for Oresme polynomials, we obtain the identities including the general bilinear index-reduction formula of these numbers. Further, Oresme polynomials that are natural extensions of the $k$-Oresme numbers are introduced and some relations for the derivatives of these polynomials in the form of convolution are proved.
In terms of the derivative operator and three hypergeometric series identities, several interesting summation formulas involving generalized harmonic numbers are established.
Our paper deals about identities involving Bell polynomials. Some identities on Bell polynomials derived using generating function and successive derivatives of binomial type sequences. We give some relations between Bell polynomials and binomial type sequences in first part, and, we generalize the results obtained in [4] in second part.
In terms of the derivative operator and Watson-type $_3F_2$-series identities, three families of summation formulae involving generalized harmonic numbers are established.
By means of the derivative operator and Whipple-type $_3F_2$-series identities, two families of summation formulae involving generalized harmonic numbers are established.
We give a proof of two identities involving binomial sums at infinity conjectured by Z-W Sun. In order to prove these identities, we use a recently presented method i.e. we view the series as specializations of generating series and derive integral representations. Using substitutions, we express these integral representations in terms of cyclotomic harmonic polylogarithms. Finally, by applying known relations among the cyclotomic harmonic polylogarithms, we derive the results. These methods are implemented in the computer algebra package HarmonicSums.
In this paper, we present a formula for generating various exotic series in the spirit of Ovidiu Furdui and Alina Sintamarian. Our new series (evaluated in closed form) involve Bernoulli, harmonic, and Catalan numbers. Also Stirling numbers of the second kind, other special numbers, and exponential polynomials. The results include series identities with Laguerre polynomials and derangement polynomials.
We define two finite q-analogs of certain multiple harmonic series with an arbitrary number of free parameters, and prove identities for these q-analogs, expressing them in terms of multiply nested sums involving the Gaussian binomial coefficients. Special cases of these identities--for example, with all parameters equal to 1--have occurred in the literature. The special case with only one parameter reduces to an identity for the divisor generating function, which has received some attention in connection with problems in sorting theory. The general case can be viewed as a duality result, remi…
In this study, depending on the upper and the lower indices of the hyperharmonic number $h_{n}^{(r)}$, nonlinear recurrence relations are obtained. It is shown that generalized harmonic number and hyperharmonic number can be obtained from derivatives of the binomial coefficients. Taking into account of difference and derivative operators, several identities of the harmonic and hyperharmonic numbers are given. Negative-ordered hyperharmonic number is defined and its alternative representations are given.