Wenchang Chu, Livia De Donno
The classical hypergeometric summation theorems are exploited to derive several striking identities on harmonic numbers including those discovered recently by Paule and Schneider (2003).
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We describe a systematic search for all strange hypergeometric identities up to a certain complexity with sheer brute force that lead us to the discovery of two new infinite families of closed-form evaluations.
New $q$-identities Via $q$-Derivative of Basic Hypergeometric Series with Respect to Parameters
本文通过$q$-微分和变形$q$-指数算子作用于基本超几何级数，从已知求和与变换公式推导出新的$q$-恒等式。
This paper describes a method to find a connection between combinatorial identities and hypergeometric series with a number of examples. Combinatorial identities can often be written as hypergeometric series with unit argument. In a number of cases these hypergeometric series are balanced and can be reduced to a simpler form. In this paper some combinatorial identities are proved using this method assuming that the results in the tables of Prudnikov et al. [12] are proven without using hypergeometric functions.
By using some hypergeometric series identities, we prove two supercongruences on truncated hypergeometric series, one of which is related to a modular Calabi--Yau threefold, and the other is regarded as $p$-adic analogue of an identity due to Ramanujan.
Power series for roots of a trinomial and Kummer-like identities for higher order hypergeometric series
研究三项式方程$x^n+px+q=0$的根，通过Kummer恒等式推导判别式$D$幂级数解，并推广到$n\ge3$，提出高阶超几何级数的Kummer型恒等式。
We prove some supercongruences for the truncated hypergeometric series.
We give a Newton type rational interpolation formula (Theorem \ref{theo}). It contains as a special case the original Newton interpolation, as well as the recent interpolation formula of Zhi-Guo Liu, which allows to recover many important classical $q$-series identities. We show in particular that some bibasic identities are a consequence of our formula.
We give new proofs for certain bilateral basic hypergeometric summation formulas using the symmetries of the corresponding series. In particular, we present a proof for Bailey's $_3ψ_3$ summation formula as an application. We also prove a multiple series analogue of this identity by considering hyperoctahedral group symmetries of higher ranks.
A probabilistic approach is provided to establish new hypergeometric identities. It is based on the calculation of moments of the limiting distribution of the position of the elephant random walk in the superdiffusive regime.
Two new identities about Catalan numbers are treated with Zeilberger's algorithm and Watson's hypergeometric series evaluation.
Hypergeometric identities related to Ruijsenaars systems
本文提出并证明了对Ruijsenaars模型中Baxter算子理论起关键作用的超几何恒等式。
Several new identities for elliptic hypergeometric series are proved. Remarkably, some of these are elliptic analogues of identities for basic hypergeometric series that are balanced but not very-well-poised.
We present a systematic method for proving nonterminating basic hypergeometric identities. Assume that $k$ is the summation index. By setting a parameter $x$ to $xq^n$, we may find a recurrence relation of the summation by using the $q$-Zeilberger algorithm. This method applies to almost all nonterminating basic hypergeometric summation formulas in the book of Gasper and Rahman. Furthermore, by comparing the recursions and the limit values, we may verify many classical transformation formulas, including the Sears-Carlitz transformation, transformations of the very-well-poised $_8ϕ_7$ series, t…
Wilf-Zeilberger seeds and non-trivial hypergeometric identities
本研究采用生成Wilf-Zeilberger对的系统方法，证明了多位学者提出的超几何恒等式猜想，涵盖Ramanujan型1/π相关公式及ζ(5)级数等重要结果。
In this paper, we prove several supercongruences conjectured by Z.-W. Sun ten years ago via certain strange hypergeometric identities. For example, for any prime $p>3$, we show that $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{\binom{4k}{2k+1}\binom{2k}k}{48^k}\equiv0\pmod{p^2},$$ and $$ \sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{\binom{2k}{k}\binom{3k}{k}}{24^k}\equiv\begin{cases}\binom{(2p-2)/3}{(p-1)/3}\pmod{p^2}\ &\mbox{if}\ p\equiv1\pmod{3},\\ p/\binom{(2p+2)/3}{(p+1)/3}\pmod{p^2}\ &\mbox{if}\ p\equiv2\pmod{3}.\end{cases} $$ We also obtain some other results of such types.
In this paper, we confirm several conjectures posed by Sun recently; for example, we prove that for any odd prime $p$ we have $$ \sum_{k=0}^{p-1}A_k\equiv\begin{cases}4x^2-2p\pmod{p^2}\quad&\text{if $p=x^2+2y^2\ (x,y\in\mathbb{Z})$},\\ 0\pmod{p^2}\quad&\text{if $p\equiv5,7\pmod{8}$},\end{cases} $$ where $A_n:=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n+k}{k}^2\binom{n}{k}^2$ are the Apéry numbers.
Summation formulas for Fox-Wright function
利用反演技术和已知超几何级数恒等式，推导出Fox-Wright函数的求和公式，并得到新的超几何级数恒等式。
By applying the derivative operator to the corresponding hypergeometric form of a $q$-series transformation due to Andrews [1,Theorem 4], we establish a general harmonic number identity. As the special cases of it, several interesting Chu-Donno type identities and Paule-Schneider type identities are displayed.
We establish two binomial coefficient--generalized harmonic sum identities using the partial fraction decomposition method. These identities are a key ingredient in the proofs of numerous supercongruences. In particular, in other works of the author, they are used to establish modulo $p^k$ ($k>1$) congruences between truncated generalized hypergeometric series, and a function which extends Greene's hypergeometric function over finite fields to the $p$-adic setting. A specialization of one of these congruences is used to prove an outstanding conjecture of Rodriguez-Villegas which relates a trun…
By applying the derivative operators to Chu-Vandermonde convolution, several general harmonic number identities are established.
A product difference equation is proved and used for derivation by elementary methods of four combinatorial identities, eight combinatorial identities involving generalized harmonic numbers and eight combinatorial identities involving classical harmonic numbers. For the binomial coefficients the definition with gamma functions is used, thus also allowing non-integer arguments in the identities. The generalized harmonic numbers in this case are harmonic numbers with a complex offset, where the classical harmonic numbers are a special case with offset zero.
We give elementary derivations of several classical and some new summation and transformation formulae for bilateral basic hypergeometric series. For purpose of motivation, we review our previous simple proof ("A simple proof of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation", Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., to appear) of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation. Using a similar but different method, we now give elementary derivations of some transformations for bilateral basic hypergeometric series. In particular, these include M. Jackson's very-well-poised 8-psi-8 transformation, a very-well-poised …
Some $q$-hypergeometric identities associated with partition theorems of Lebesgue, Schur and Capparelli
本文构造含参数 $L,M$ 的三变量多项式恒等式，统一推广并在极限下导出 Schur 与 Lebesgue 关键恒等式，还给出 Alladi–Schur 精细化及连通 Euler、Lebesgue、Capparelli 定理的新无限层级。
A generalization of the Chu-Vandermonde convolution is presented and proved with the integral representation method. This identity can be transformed into another identity, which has as special cases two known identities. Another identity that is closely related to this identity is presented and proved. Using the modified geometric series from another paper, some closely related identities are listed. Some corresponding harmonic number identities are derived, which have as special cases some known harmonic number identities. For one combinatorial sum a recursion formula is derived and used to …
In this paper we follow the general approach, proposed earlier by the first author, which is derived from the invariant theory field and provides a way of obtaining of the polynomial identities for any arbitrary polynomial family. We introduce the notion of Chebyshev derivations of the first and second kinds, which is based on the polynomial algebra, and corresponding specific differential operators. We derive the elements of their kernels and prove that any element of the kernel of the derivations defines a polynomial identity satisfied by the Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kin…
The aim of this paper is to present a general algebraic identity. Applying this identity, we provide several formulas involving the q-binomial coefficients and the q-harmonic numbers. We also recover some known identities including an algebraic identity of D. Y. Zheng on q-Apéry numbers and we establish the q-analog of Euler's formula. The proposed results may have important applications in the theory of q-supercongruences.
We present alternative, q-hypergeometric proofs of some polynomial analogues of classical q-series identities recently discovered by Alladi and Berkovich, and Berkovich and Garvan.
In 2010, Kh. Hessami Pilehrood and T. Hessami Pilehrood introduced generating function identities used to obtain series accelerations for values of Dirichlet's $β$ function, via the Markov--Wilf--Zeilberger method. Inspired by these past results, together with related results introduced by Chu et al., we introduce a variety of hypergeometric recurrences. We prove these recurrences using the WZ method, and we apply these recurrences to obtain series acceleration identities. We introduce a family of summations generalizing a Ramanujan-type series for $\frac{1}{π^2}$ due to Guillera, and a family…
We explicitly give the relations between the hypergeometric solutions of the general hypergeometric equation and their duals, as well as similar relations for q-hypergeometric equations. They form a family of very general identities for hypergeometric series. Although they were foreseen already by N. M. Bailey in the 1930's on analytic grounds, we give a purely algebraic treatment based on general principles in general differential and difference modules.
Discovering hypergeometric series with harmonic numbers via Wilf-Zeilberger seeds
本文通过Wilf-Zeilberger种子方法发现包含调和数的超几何级数，并首次获得深度为二的多重ζ值ζ(5,3)的快速收敛级数，同时推测WZ-种子背后的格雷德代数结构。
Combinatorial identities derived from explicit formulas of Gauss hypergeometric functions
该研究借助法阿·迪·布鲁诺公式等建立高斯超几何函数显式公式，进而导出两个组合恒等式，推广了已有组合恒等式，核心方法是公式推导，主要贡献为新的组合恒等式及其推广。
We prove Macdonald-type deformations of a number of well-known classical branching rules by employing identities for elliptic hypergeometric integrals and series. We also propose some conjectural branching rules and allied conjectures exhibiting a novel type of vanishing behaviour involving partitions with empty 2-cores.
The method of rational function certification for proving terminating hypergeometric identities is extended from single sums or integrals to multi-integral/sums and ``$q$'' integral/sums.
We present a new matrix inverse with applications in the theory of bilateral basic hypergeometric series. Our matrix inversion result is directly extracted from an instance of Bailey's very-well-poised 6-psi-6 summation theorem, and involves two infinite matrices which are not lower-triangular. We combine our bilateral matrix inverse with known basic hypergeometric summation theorems to derive, via inverse relations, several new identities for bilateral basic hypergeometric series.
Polynomial reduction, designed first for hypergeometric terms, can be used to automatically prove and generate new hypergeometric identities from old ones. In this paper, we extend the reduction method to holonomic sequences. As applications, we describe an algorithmic way to prove and generate new multi-summation identities. Especially we present new families of $π$-series involving Domb numbers and Franel numbers.
Using basic hypergeometric functions and partial fraction decomposition we give a new kind of generalization of identities due to Uchimura, Dilcher, Van Hamme, Prodinger, and Chen-Fu related to divisor functions. An identity relating Lambert series to Eulerian polynomials is also proved.
In this we paper we prove several new identities of the Rogers-Ramanujan-Slater type. These identities were found as the result of computer searches. The proofs involve a variety of techniques, including series-series identities, Bailey pairs, a theorem of Watson on basic hypergeometric series, generating functions and miscellaneous methods.
By means of partial fraction method, we investigate the decomposition of rational functions. Several striking identities on harmonic numbers and generalized Apery numbers will be established, including the binomial-harmonic number identity associated with Beukers' conjecture on Apery numbers.
We use elliptic Taylor series expansions and interpolation to deduce a number of summations for elliptic hypergeometric series. We extend to the well-poised elliptic case results that in the $q$-case have previously been obtained by Cooper and by Ismail and Stanton. We also provide identities involving S. Bhargava's cubic theta functions.
We consider a special class of binomial sums involving harmonic numbers and we prove three identities by using the elementary method of the partial fraction decomposition. Some applications to infinite series and congruences are given.
In terms of the telescoping method, a simple binomial sum is given. By applying the derivative operators to the equation just mentioned, we establish several general harmonic number identities including some known results.
Two types of finite series of products of harmonic numbers involving nonnegative integer powers are evaluated, also yielding two other important harmonic number identities. The recursion formulas for these sums are derived, which are easily translated into a computer program.
We survey the applications of an elementary identity used by Euler in one of his proofs of the Pentagonal Number Theorem. Using a suitably reformulated version of this identity that we call Euler's Telescoping Lemma, we give alternate proofs of all the key summation theorems for terminating Hypergeometric Series and Basic Hypergeometric Series, including the terminating Binomial Theorem, the Chu--Vandermonde sum, the Pfaff--Saalch\" utz sum, and their $q$-analogues. We also give a proof of Jackson's $q$-analog of Dougall's sum, the sum of a terminating, balanced, very-well-poised $_8ϕ_7$ sum. …
This is a journey through integrals of involutions and surprising consequences of the Lagrange inversion theorem. On the way, we meet unexpected logarithmic identities, hypergeometric functions with a linear regime and other mysterious objects. This study was inspired by some results from the fascinating article A.E. Holroyd, T.M. Liggett and D. Romik, Integrals, Partitions, and Cellular Automata, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 356-8, 3349-3368, 2004
Some finite series of harmonic numbers involving certain reciprocals are evaluated. Products of such reciprocals are expanded in a sum of the individual reciprocals, leading to a computer program. A list of examples is provided.
We study the combinatorics of two classes of basic hypergeometric series. We first show that these series are the generating functions for certain overpartition pairs defined by frequency conditions on the parts. We then show that when specialized these series are also the generating functions for overpartition pairs with bounded successive ranks, overpartition pairs with conditions on their Durfee dissection, as well as certain lattice paths. When further specialized, the series become infinite products, leading to numerous identities for partitions, overpartitions, and overpartition pairs.
Combinatorial identities with multiple harmonic-like numbers
该研究利用生成函数方法推导多重类调和数相关二项式和的闭式，并给出多个推论、示例及与超调和数和奇调和数相关的组合恒等式。
The integral representation of the Hadamard product of two functions is used to prove several Euler-type series transformation formulas. As applications we obtain three binomial identities involving harmonic numbers and an identity for the Laguerre polynomials. We also evaluate in a closed form certain power series with harmonic numbers
Recently, Chen, Hou and Jin used both Abel's lemma on summation by parts and Zeilberger's algorithm to generate recurrence relations for definite summations. Meanwhile, they proposed the Abel-Gosper method to evaluate some indefinite sums involving harmonic numbers. In this paper, we use the Abel-Gosper method to prove an identity involving the generalized harmonic numbers. Special cases of this result reduce to many famous identities. In addition, we use both Abel's lemma and the WZ method to verify and to discover identities involving harmonic numbers. Many interesting examples are also pres…
Theta functions and transformations of bilateral basic hypergeometric series
本文通过theta函数和双侧基本超几何级数建立新变换公式，构造伴生q级数，证明McIntosh关于q级数渐近变换的猜想，并扩展了Ramanujan和McIntosh的一些恒等式。
The coefficient of x^{-1} of a formal Laurent series f(x) is called the formal residue of f(x). Many combinatorial numbers can be represented by the formal residues of hypergeometric terms. With these representations and the extended Zeilberger's algorithm, we generate recurrence relations for summations involving combinatorial sequences such as Stirling numbers. As examples, we give computer proofs of several known identities and derive some new identities. The applicability of this method is also studied.
Using multiple q-integrals and a determinant evaluation, we establish a multivariable extension of Bailey's nonterminating 10-phi-9 transformation. From this result, we deduce new multivariable terminating 10-phi-9 transformations, 8-phi-7 summations and other identities. We also use similar methods to derive new multivariable 1-psi-1 summations. Some of our results are extended to the case of elliptic hypergeometric series.
Using Krattenthaler's operator method, we give a new proof of Warnaar's recent elliptic extension of Krattenthaler's matrix inversion. Further, using a theta function identity closely related to Warnaar's inversion, we derive summation and transformation formulas for elliptic hypergeometric series of Karlsson-Minton-type. A special case yields a particular summation that was used by Warnaar to derive quadratic, cubic and quartic transformations for elliptic hypergeometric series. Starting from another theta function identity, we derive yet different summation and transformation formulas for el…
We consider the reflection identities for harmonic sums at weight four. We decompose a product of two harmonic sums with mixed pole structure into a linear combination of terms each having a pole at either negative or positive values of the argument. The pole decomposition demonstrates how the product of two simpler harmonic sums can build more complicated harmonic sums at higher weight. We list a minimal irreducible bilinear set of reflection identities at weight four which present the main result of the paper. We also discuss how other trilinear and quartic reflection identities can be easil…
The multiplicate form of Gould--Hsu's inverse series relations enables to investigate the dual relations of the Chu-Vandermonde-Gauß's, the Pfaff-Saalschütz's summation theorems and the binomial convolution formula due to Hagen and Rothe. Several identitity and reciprocal relations are thus established for terminating hypergeometric series. By virtue of the duplicate inversions, we establish several dual formulae of Chu-Vandermonde-Gauß's and Pfaff-Saalschütz's summation theorems in Section (3)\cite{ChuVanGauss} and (4)\cite{PfaffSaalsch}, respectively. Finally, the last section is devoted to …
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