arXiv 1111.02982011-11nucl-thcond-mat.quant-gas

低密度中子物质中的相分离

Phase separation in low-density neutron matter

Alexandros Gezerlis, Rishi Sharma

备注：: 7 pages, 3 figures
发表信息：: Phys. Rev. C 85, 015806 (2012)
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.015806

摘要：

几十年来，人们对低密度中子物质进行了广泛研究，以期更好地了解中子星壳和富中子核的性质。中子物质是实验无法控制的，但在过去的十年里，已经有可能在接近低密度中子物质的状态下创造出费米超冷原子气体系统。在这两种情况下，配对是显着的，使简单的微扰方法不可能适用，并需要从头算微观模拟。原子实验也探测了极化物质。在这项工作中，我们研究人口不平衡的中子物质（可能与磁星和原子核的密度泛函有关）到达最低的能量配置。对于小到中等的相对分数的系统原来是完全正常的，而超出临界极化，我们发现部分极化正常的中子气体和平衡的超流气体之间的相共存。与冷原子一样，均匀极化超流体接近稳定，但在相分离方面不稳定。我们还研究了临界极化对密度的依赖关系。

英文摘要：

Low-density neutron matter has been studied extensively for many decades, with a view to better understanding the properties of neutron-star crusts and neutron-rich nuclei. Neutron matter is beyond experimental control, but in the past decade it has become possible to create systems of fermionic ultracold atomic gases in a regime close to low-density neutron matter. In both these contexts pairing is significant, making simple perturbative approaches impossible to apply and necessitating ab initio microscopic simulations. Atomic experiments have also probed polarized matter. In this work, we study population-imbalanced neutron matter (possibly relevant to magnetars and to density functionals of nuclei) arriving at the lowest-energy configuration to date. For small to intermediate relative fractions the system turns out to be fully normal, while beyond a critical polarization we find phase coexistence between a partially polarized normal neutron gas and a balanced superfluid gas. As in cold atoms, a homogeneous polarized superfluid is close to stability but not stable with respect to phase separation. We also study the dependence of the critical polarization on the density.

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