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arXiv 0804.4409astro-phnucl-th
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吸积中子星壳的热导率和相分离

Thermal conductivity and phase separation of the crust of accreting neutron stars

C. J. Horowitz, O. L. Caballero, D. K. Berry

摘要:

最近,人们测量了中子星在长时间爆发后的地壳冷却时间。这些观测结果对地壳的热导率$κ$非常敏感,强烈表明$κ$很大。我们进行分子动力学模拟的结构的外壳的吸积中子星使用复杂的组成,包括许多杂质。该组合物来自于快速质子捕获核合成的模拟,随后是电子捕获。我们发现杂质散射降低了热导率。此外,我们发现相分离。一些具有低原子序数$Z$的杂质集中在模拟体积的子区域中。对于我们的组成来说,固体地壳必须分成不同组成的区域。这可能会导致一个辐射引力波的四极形变的不对称恒星。地壳冷却的观测可以限制杂质浓度。

英文摘要:

Recently, crust cooling times have been measured for neutron stars after extended outbursts. These observations are very sensitive to the thermal conductivity $κ$ of the crust and strongly suggest that $κ$ is large. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of the structure of the crust of an accreting neutron star using a complex composition that includes many impurities. The composition comes from simulations of rapid proton capture nucleosynthesys followed by electron captures. We find that the thermal conductivity is reduced by impurity scattering. In addition, we find phase separation. Some impurities with low atomic number $Z$ are concentrated in a subregion of the simulation volume. For our composition, the solid crust must separate into regions of different compositions. This could lead to an asymmetric star with a quadrupole deformation that radiates gravitational waves. Observations of crust cooling can constrain impurity concentrations.

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