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arXiv 1107.5574cond-mat.str-el
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光谱表明URu的正常态$_2$ Si $_2$是一种反常费米液体

Optical spectroscopy shows that the normal state of URu$_2$Si$_2$ is an anomalous Fermi liquid

U. Nagel, T. Uleksin, T. Rõõm, R. P. S. M. Lobo, P. Lejay, C. C. Homes, J. Hall, A. W. Kinross, S. Purdy, T. J. Williams, G. M. Luke, T. Timusk

摘要:

费米指出,由于电子的量子性质,它们形成了一种粒子气体,其中温度和密度遵循所谓的费米分布。在金属中,如朗道所示,尽管它们彼此之间以及正背景离子之间存在很强的库仑相互作用,但电子继续像自由量子力学粒子一样行事,但质量增加。这种物质的状态,朗道-费米液体,通过与绝对温度的平方成比例的电阻率加上与所施加的场的频率的平方成比例的项,在实验上被识别。计算表明,如果朗道费米液体中电子-电子散射占主导地位,则两项之比$b$具有普适值{ \em b} = 4。我们发现,在正常状态下的重费米子金属URu $_2$ Si $_2$,而不是费米液体值4的系数$b$ =1 $\pm$ 0.1。这个意想不到的结果意味着这种材料中的电子正在经历独特的散射过程。这种散射是内在的,我们认为,铀$f$电子不杂交形成一个连贯的费米液体,而是像一个密集的弹性杂质阵列,相互作用的载流子不相干。该行为不限于URu $_2$ Si $_2$。$b \neq$ 4的费米类液体态已经在许多不同的系统中被观察到,但这一结果的重要性尚未被认识到。

英文摘要:

Fermi showed that electrons, as a result of their quantum nature, form a gas of particles where the temperature and density follow the so called Fermi distribution. In a metal, as shown by Landau, that despite their strong Coulomb interaction with each other and the positive background ions, the electrons continue to act like free quantum mechanical particles but with enhanced masses. This state of matter, the Landau-Fermi liquid, is recognized experimentally by an electrical resistivity that is proportional to the square of the absolute temperature plus a term proportional to the square of the frequency of the applied field. Calculations show that, if electron-electron scattering dominates the resistivity in a Landau Fermi liquid, the ratio of the two terms, $b$ has the universal value of {\em b} = 4. We find that in the normal state of the heavy Fermion metal URu$_2$Si$_2$, instead of the Fermi liquid value of 4 the coefficient $b$ =1 $\pm$ 0.1. This unexpected result implies that the electrons in this material are experiencing a unique scattering process. This scattering is intrinsic and we suggest that, the uranium $f$ electrons do not hybridize to form a coherent Fermi liquid but instead act like a dense array of elastic impurities, interacting incoherently with the charge carriers. This behavior is not restricted to URu$_2$Si$_2$. Fermi liquid like states with $b \neq$ 4 have been observed in a number of disparate systems but the significance of this result has not been recognized.

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