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arXiv 1107.3501cond-mat.mes-hall
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跃迁电压谱:纳米级真空隧道模型的挑战

Transition voltage spectroscopy: a challenge for vacuum tunneling models at nanoscale

Ioan Baldea, Horst Koppel

摘要:

关于转变电压($V_t$)的若干研究是基于西蒙斯模型内的隧穿电流的计算。在本文中,我们致力于真空纳米结,比较了$V_t$的西蒙斯结果与精确薛定谔方程通过精确地包括经典的图像效应得到的结果。比较显示,对于图像效果重要的纳米间隙尺寸($d$),$V_t$的西蒙斯估计是完全不可接受的。西蒙斯的处理大大高估了这些影响,因为它错过了著名的1/2因素有关的事实,图像相互作用的能量是一个自我的能量。西蒙斯曲线$V_t$与$d$的最大值被证明仅仅是不适当近似的假象。与西蒙斯的方法不同,“精确”WKB方法产生的结果,定性同意与精确的;定量的差异是重要的,表明传输前因子有显着的影响$V_t$。此外,我们表明,左和右电极的功函数之间的差异,这引起了伏特场,可能是重要的无处不在的不对称性测量的$I$ - $V$ -一般的特性,并为不同的$V_t$ -值在正,负偏压,特别是在真空纳米结。弱依赖性$V_t = V_t(d)$实验发现在真空纳米结对比显着的依赖性,通过包括精确的静电图像的贡献到薛定谔方程。这表明,不仅分子传输,而且通过真空纳米间隙的传输也代表了一个重要的问题,这需要进一步的改进,例如,接触的几何形状,由于有限的隧穿时间,局部声子,表面等离子体激元或电子图像状态的延迟效应的现实描述。

英文摘要:

Several studies on the transition voltage ($V_t$) are based on calculations of the tunneling current within the Simmons model. In this paper devoted to vacuum nano-junctions, we compare the Simmons results for $V_t$ with those obtained from the exact Schrodinger equation by exactly including the classical image effects. The comparison reveals that the Simmons estimates for $V_t$ are completely unacceptable for nanogap sizes ($d$) at which image effects are important. The Simmons treatment drastically overestimates these effects, because it misses the famous 1/2 factor related to the fact that the image interaction energy is a self energy. The maximum of the Simmons curve $V_t$ vs. $d$ turns out to be merely an artefact of an inappropriate approximation. Unlike the Simmons approach, the "exact" WKB method yields results, which qualitatively agree with the exact ones; quantitative differences are important, demonstrating that the transmission prefactor has a significant impact on $V_t$. Further, we show that a difference between the work functions of the left and right electrodes, which gives rise to a Volta field, may be important for the ubiquitous asymmetry of the measured $I$-$V$-characteristics in general, and for the different $V_t$-values at positive and negative biases reported in vacuum nanojunctions in particular. The weak dependence $V_t = V_t(d)$ found experimentally in vacuum nanojunctions contrasts to the pronounced dependence obtained by including the exact electrostatic image contribution into the Schrodinger equation. This demonstrates that not only the molecular transport, but also the transport through a vacuum nanogap represents a nontrivial problem, which requires further refinements, e.g., a realistic description of contacts' geometry, retardation effects due to the finite tunneling time, local phonons, surface plasmons or electron image states.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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