We study the 4d/2d AGT correspondence between four-dimensional instanton counting and two-dimensional conformal blocks for generalized SU(2) quiver gauge theories coming from punctured Gaiotto curves of arbitrary genus. We propose a conformal block description that corresponds to the elementary SU(2) trifundamental half-hypermultiplet, and check it against Sp(1)-SO(4) instanton counting.
Certain star shaped quivers exhibit a pattern of symmetry enhancement on the Coulomb branch of $3d$ $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric gauge theories. This paper studies a subclass of theories where such global symmetry enhancement occurs through a computation of the Highest Weight Generating Function (HWG) and of the corresponding Hilbert Series (HS), providing a further test of the Coulomb branch formula. This special subclass has a feature in which the HWG takes a particularly simple form, as a simple rational function which is either a product of simple poles (termed freely generated) or a sim…
We show the vertex operator formalism for the quiver gauge theory partition function and the $qq$-character of highest-weight module on quiver, both associated with the integral over the quiver variety.
In a four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal quiver theory with gauge group $\mathrm{SU}(N)\times\mathrm{SU}(N)$ and bi-fundamental matter, we analytically obtain the exact strong-coupling behavior of the normalized 3-point correlators of single-trace scalar operators in the large-$N$ limit using localization techniques. We then obtain the same strong-coupling behavior from the holographic dual using the AdS/CFT correspondence at the supergravity level. This agreement confirms the validity of the analytic strong-coupling results and of the holographic correspondence in a non-maximally …
We prove that the generating functions for the one row/column colored HOMFLY-PT invariants of arborescent links are specializations of the generating functions of the motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants of appropriate quivers that we naturally associate with these links. Our approach extends the previously established tangles-quivers correspondence for rational tangles to algebraic tangles by developing gluing formulas for HOMFLY-PT skein generating functions under Conway's tangle addition. As a consequence, we prove the conjectural links-quivers correspondence of Kucharski-Reineke-Stošić-Sulk…
We study the Gauge/Bethe correspondence for two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ supersymmetric quiver gauge theories associated with toric Calabi-Yau three-folds, whose BPS algebras have recently been identified as the quiver Yangians. We start with the crystal representations of the quiver Yangian, which are placed at each site of the spin chain. We then construct integrable models by combining the single-site crystals into crystal chains by a coproduct of the algebra, which we determine by a combination of representation-theoretical and gauge-theoretical arguments. For non-chiral quivers, we…
We introduce and explore the relation between quivers and 3-manifolds with the topology of the knot complement. This idea can be viewed as an adaptation of the knots-quivers correspondence to Gukov-Manolescu invariants of knot complements (also known as $F_K$ or $\hat{Z}$). Apart from assigning quivers to complements of $T^{(2,2p+1)}$ torus knots, we study the physical interpretation in terms of the BPS spectrum and general structure of 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories associated to both sides of the correspondence. We also make a step towards categorification by proposing a $t$-deformation of all …
We describe how the geometry of the Higgs branch of 5d superconformal field theories is transformed under movement along the extended Coulomb branch. Working directly with the (unitary) magnetic quiver, we demonstrate a correspondence between Fayet-Iliopoulos deformations in 3d and 5d mass deformations. When the Higgs branch has multiple cones, characterised by a collection of magnetic quivers, the mirror map is not globally well-defined, however we are able to utilize the correspondence to establish a local version of mirror symmetry. We give several detailed examples of deformations, includi…
We introduce and explore the relation between knot invariants and quiver representation theory, which follows from the identification of quiver quantum mechanics in D-brane systems representing knots. We identify various structural properties of quivers associated to knots, and identify such quivers explicitly in many examples, including some infinite families of knots, all knots up to 6 crossings, and some knots with thick homology. Moreover, based on these properties, we derive previously unknown expressions for colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials and superpolynomials for various knots. For all kn…
We illustrate the use of the theory of $qq$-characters by deriving the BPZ and KZ-type equations for the partition functions of certain surface defects in quiver ${\mathcal N}=2$ theories. We generate a surface defect in the linear quiver theory by embedding it into a theory with additional node, with specific masses of the fundamental hypermultiplets. We prove that the supersymmetric partition function of this theory with $SU(2)^{r-3}$ gauge group verifies the celebrated Belavin-Polyakov-Zamolodchikov equation of two dimensional Liouville theory. We also study the $SU(N)$ theory with $2N$ fun…
The recently conjectured knots-quivers correspondence relates gauge theoretic invariants of a knot $K$ in the 3-sphere to representation theory of a quiver $Q_{K}$ associated to the knot. In this paper we provide geometric and physical contexts for this conjecture within the framework of the large $N$ duality of Ooguri and Vafa, that relates knot invariants to counts of holomorphic curves with boundary on $L_{K}$, the conormal Lagrangian of the knot in the resolved conifold, and corresponding M-theory considerations. From the physics side, we show that the quiver encodes a 3d ${\mathcal N}=2$ …
We study various duality webs involving the 3d FT[SU(N)] theory, a close relative of the T[SU(N)] quiver tail. We first map the partition functions of FT[SU(N)] and its 3d spectral dual to a pair of spectral dual q-Toda conformal blocks. Then we show how to obtain the FT[SU(N)] partition function by Higgsing a 5d linear quiver gauge theory, or equivalently from the refined topological string partition function on a certain toric Calabi-Yau three-fold. 3d spectral duality in this context descends from 5d spectral duality. Finally we discuss the 2d reduction of the 3d spectral dual pair and stud…
We study N=2 super-conformal field theories in four dimensions that correspond to mass-deformed linear quivers with n gauge groups and (bi-)fundamental matter. We describe them using Seiberg-Witten curves obtained from an M-theory construction and via the AGT correspondence. We take particular care in obtaining the detailed relation between the parameters appearing in these descriptions and the physical quantities of the quiver gauge theories. This precise map allows us to efficiently reconstruct the non-perturbative prepotential that encodes the effective IR properties of these theories. We g…
In [1, 2], Nekrasov applied the Bethe/gauge correspondence to derive the $\mathfrak{su}\, (2)$ XXX spin-chain coordinate Bethe wavefunction from the IR limit of a 2D $\mathcal{N}=(2, 2)$ supersymmetric $A_1$ quiver gauge theory with an orbifold-type codimension-2 defect. Later, Bullimore, Kim and Lukowski implemented Nekrasov's construction at the level of the UV $A_1$ quiver gauge theory, recovered his result, and obtained further extensions of the Bethe/gauge correspondence [3]. In this work, we extend the construction of the defect to $A_M$ quiver gauge theories to obtain the $\mathfrak{su}…
The knots-quivers correspondence states that various characteristics of a knot are encoded in the corresponding quiver and the moduli space of its representations. However, this correspondence is not a bijection: more than one quiver may be assigned to a given knot and encode the same information. In this work we study this phenomenon systematically and show that it is generic rather than exceptional. First, we find conditions that characterize equivalent quivers. Then we show that equivalent quivers arise in families that have the structure of permutohedra, and the set of all equivalent quive…
We construct an $ε$-deformation of W algebras, corresponding to the additive version of quiver $\text{W}_{q,t^{-1}}$ algebras which feature prominently in the 5d version of the BPS/CFT correspondence and refined topological strings on toric Calabi-Yau's. This new type of algebras fill in the missing intermediate level between $q$-deformed and ordinary W algebras. We show that $ε$-deformed W algebras are spectral duals of conventional W algebras, in particular the $ε$-deformed conformal blocks manifestly reproduce instanton partition functions of 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ quiver gauge theories in the …
The relation between open topological strings and representation theory of symmetric quivers is explored beyond the original setting of the knot-quiver correspondence. Multiple cover generalizations of the skein relation for boundaries of holomorphic disks on a Lagrangian brane are observed to generate dual quiver descriptions of the geometry. Embedding into M-theory, a large class of dualities of 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories associated to quivers is obtained. The multi-cover skein relation admits a compact formulation in terms of quantum torus algebras associated to the quiver and in this lang…
We generalize the $F_K$ invariant, i.e. $\widehat{Z}$ for the complement of a knot $K$ in the 3-sphere, the knots-quivers correspondence, and $A$-polynomials of knots, and find several interconnections between them. We associate an $F_K$ invariant to any branch of the $A$-polynomial of $K$ and we work out explicit expressions for several simple knots. We show that these $F_K$ invariants can be written in the form of a quiver generating series, in analogy with the knots-quivers correspondence. We discuss various methods to obtain such quiver representations, among others using $R$-matrices. We …
Reflection states are introduced in the vertical and horizontal modules of the Ding-Iohara-Miki (DIM) algebra (quantum toroidal $\mathfrak{gl}_1$). Webs of DIM representations are in correspondence with $(p,q)$-web diagrams of type IIB string theory, under the identification of the algebraic intertwiner of Awata, Feigin and Shiraishi with the refined topological vertex. Extending the correspondence to the vertical reflection states, it is possible to engineer the $\mathcal{N}=1$ quiver gauge theory of D-type (with unitary gauge groups). In this way, the Nekrasov instanton partition function is…
Gauge origami is a generalized supersymmetric gauge theory defined on several intersecting space-time components. It provides a systematic way to consider generalizations of instantons. In this thesis, we explore the gauge origami system in $\mathbb{R}^{1,1}\times \mathbb{C}^{4}$ and its BPS/CFT correspondence. String theoretically, instantons of the gauge origami system arise from D0-branes bound to D$(2p)$-branes wrapping cycles in $\mathbb{C}^{4}$. The low energy theory of the D0-branes is understood as an $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric quiver quantum mechanical system and the Witten index …
We study three-dimensional supersymmetric quiver gauge theories with a non-simply laced global symmetry primarily focusing on framed affine $B_{N}$ quiver theories. Using a supersymmetric partition function on a three sphere, and its transformation under S-duality, we study the three-dimensional ADHM quiver for $SO(2N+1)$ instantons with a half-integer Chern-Simons coupling. The theory after S-duality has no Lagrangian, and can not be represented by a single quiver, however its partition function can be conveniently described by a collection of framed affine ${B}_{N}$ quivers. This corresponde…
We discuss the 5d AGT correspondence of supergroup gauge theories with A-type supergroups. We introduce two intertwiners called positive and negative intertwiners to compute the instanton partition function. The positive intertwiner is the ordinary Awata-Feigin-Shiraishi intertwiner while the negative intertwiner is an intertwiner obtained by using central charges with negative levels. We show that composition of them gives the basic Nekrasov factors appearing in supergroup partition functions. We explicitly derive the instanton partition functions of supergroup gauge theories with A and D-typ…
The open string sector of the topological B-model model on CY $(m+2)$-folds is described by $m$-graded quivers with superpotentials. This correspondence extends to general $m$ the well known connection between CY $(m+2)$-folds and gauge theories on the worldvolume of D$(5-2m)$-branes for $m=0,\ldots, 3$. We introduce $m$-dimers, which fully encode the $m$-graded quivers and their superpotentials, in the case in which the CY $(m+2)$-folds are toric. Generalizing the well known $m=1,2$ cases, $m$-dimers significantly simplify the connection between geometry and $m$-graded quivers. A key result o…
We construct level one dominant representations of the affine Kac-Moody algebra $\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_k$ on the equivariant cohomology groups of moduli spaces of rank one framed sheaves on the orbifold compactification of the minimal resolution $X_k$ of the $A_{k-1}$ toric singularity $\mathbb{C}^2/\mathbb{Z}_k$. We show that the direct sum of the fundamental classes of these moduli spaces is a Whittaker vector for $\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_k$, which proves the AGT correspondence for pure $\mathcal{N}=2$ $U(1)$ gauge theory on $X_k$. We consider Carlsson-Okounkov type Ext-bundles over produc…
The Gauge/YBE correspondence states a surprising connection between solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation with spectral parameters and partition functions of supersymmetric quiver gauge theories. This correspondence has lead to systematic discoveries of new integrable models based on quantum-field-theory methods. We provide pedagogical introduction to the subject and summarizes many recent developments. This is a write-up of the lecture at the String-Math 2018 conference.
Gieseker-Nakajima moduli spaces $M_{k}(n)$ parametrize the charge $k$ noncommutative $U(n)$ instantons on ${\bf R}^{4}$ and framed rank $n$ torsion free sheaves $\mathcal{E}$ on ${\bf C\bf P}^{2}$ with ${\rm ch}_{2}({\mathcal{E}}) = k$. They also serve as local models of the moduli spaces of instantons on general four-manifolds. We study the generalization of gauge theory in which the four dimensional spacetime is a stratified space $X$ immersed into a Calabi-Yau fourfold $Z$. The local model ${\bf M}_{k}({\vec n})$ of the corresponding instanton moduli space is the moduli space of charge $k$ …
We establish and develop a correspondence between certain crystal bases (Kashiwara crystals) and the Coulomb branch of three-dimensional $ \mathcal{N} =4 $ gauge theories. The result holds for simply-laced, non-simply laced and affine quivers. Two equivalent derivations are given in the non-simply laced case, either by application of the axiomatic rules or by folding a simply-laced quiver. We also study the effect of turning on real masses and the ensuing simplification of the crystal. We present a multitude of explicit examples of the equivalence. Finally, we put forward a correspondence betw…
We formulate a two-parameter generalization of the geometric Langlands correspondence, which we prove for all simply-laced Lie algebras. It identifies the q-conformal blocks of the quantum affine algebra and the deformed W-algebra associated to two Langlands dual Lie algebras. Our proof relies on recent results in quantum K-theory of the Nakajima quiver varieties. The physical origin of the correspondence is the 6d little string theory. The quantum Langlands correspondence emerges in the limit in which the 6d string theory becomes the 6d conformal field theory with (2,0) supersymmetry.
