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arXiv 1105.0671astro-ph.SR
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原恒星光度函数

The Protostellar Luminosity Function

Stella S. R. Offner, Christopher F. McKee

摘要:

原恒星光度函数(英语:Protostellar luminosity function,PLF)是恒星形成区域内原恒星的现今光度函数。它是使用原恒星质量函数(PMF)结合恒星演化模型确定的,该模型提供了作为瞬时和最终恒星质量函数的光度。在McKee & Offner(2010)中,我们考虑了三种主要的吸积模型:等温球模型,湍流核心模型和竞争吸积模型的近似。我们还考虑了吸积率的影响,逐渐减少线性的时间和加速恒星形成率。对于每个模型,我们使用平均值,中位数,最大值,中位数与平均值的比值,亮度的对数的标准差,和非常低的亮度对象的分数来表征亮度分布。我们比较的模型与测热光度观察到在当地的恒星形成的地区,并发现一个近似恒定的吸积时间的模型,如湍流核心和竞争性吸积模型,似乎同意更好地与观察比那些具有恒定的吸积率,如等温球模型。我们发现,在这些附近的低质量恒星形成区域的平均原恒星光度的观测表明,平均恒星形成时间为0.3 $\pm$ 0.1百万年。这样一个时间尺度,加上一些非辐射性的吸积和一些发生在高吸积、偶发性爆发的吸积,解决了低质量恒星形成中的经典“光度问题”,即观测到的原恒星光度明显低于预测。加速的恒星形成速率是调和观测到的恒星形成时间和平均光度的一种可能方法。

英文摘要:

The protostellar luminosity function (PLF) is the present-day luminosity function of the protostars in a region of star formation. It is determined using the protostellar mass function (PMF) in combination with a stellar evolutionary model that provides the luminosity as a function of instantaneous and final stellar mass. As in McKee & Offner (2010), we consider three main accretion models: the Isothermal Sphere model, the Turbulent Core model, and an approximation of the Competitive Accretion model. We also consider the effect of an accretion rate that tapers off linearly in time and an accelerating star formation rate. For each model, we characterize the luminosity distribution using the mean, median, maximum, ratio of the median to the mean, standard deviation of the logarithm of the luminosity, and the fraction of very low luminosity objects. We compare the models with bolometric luminosities observed in local star forming regions and find that models with an approximately constant accretion time, such as the Turbulent Core and Competitive Accretion models, appear to agree better with observation than those with a constant accretion rate, such as the Isothermal Sphere model. We show that observations of the mean protostellar luminosity in these nearby regions of low-mass star formation suggest a mean star formation time of 0.3$\pm$0.1 Myr. Such a timescale, together with some accretion that occurs non-radiatively and some that occurs in high-accretion, episodic bursts, resolves the classical "luminosity problem" in low-mass star formation, in which observed protostellar luminosities are significantly less than predicted. An accelerating star formation rate is one possible way of reconciling the observed star formation time and mean luminosity.

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