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arXiv 1706.06504astro-ph.SR
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坍缩原恒星包层中磁场的退耦与盘的形成和碎裂

Decoupling of Magnetic Fields in Collapsing Protostellar Envelopes and Disk Formation and Fragmentation

Bo Zhao, Paola Caselli, Zhi-Yun Li, Ruben Krasnopolsky

摘要:

有效的磁制动是形成旋转支撑盘(RSDs)的一个可怕的障碍,在磁化致密的核心原恒星周围。我们之前已经通过2D(轴对称)非理想MHD模拟表明,去除非常小的晶粒(VSG:~10 μ m $~$到几个100 μ m)可以大大增强双极扩散并形成RSD。在这里,我们扩展到3D的VSG去除启用磁盘形成的模拟。我们发现,这种情况下的磁盘形成的关键是,磁场的漂移速度几乎抵消了中性粒子的下落速度在$10^2$ - $10^3$ AU尺度的“伪盘”的磁力线是最严重的捏和大部分的原恒星的包络质量的下落发生。结果,大块中性包层物质可以塌缩,而不会将大量磁通量拖到盘形成区域中,这降低了磁制动效率。我们发现,VSG去除启用的初始磁盘往往是托姆雷不稳定的,这导致形成突出的螺旋结构,作为离心屏障。在离心屏障附近堆积的落入物质通常会产生数十个木星质量的致密碎片,特别是在磁化不太强的核心中。一些碎片吸积到中心恒星物体上,产生质量吸积率的爆发。其他的寿命更长,尽管它们是否能长期生存以产生多个系统仍有待确定。我们的研究结果突出了尘埃颗粒演化在确定原恒星盘和潜在的多系统的形成和性质的重要性。

英文摘要:

Efficient magnetic braking is a formidable obstacle to the formation of rotationally supported disks (RSDs) around protostars in magnetized dense cores. We have previously shown, through 2D (axisymmetric) non-ideal MHD simulations, that removing very small grains (VSGs: ~10 Å$~$to few 100 Å) can greatly enhance ambipolar diffusion and enable the formation of RSDs. Here we extend the simulations of disk formation enabled by VSG removal to 3D. We find that the key to this scenario of disk formation is that the drift velocity of the magnetic field almost cancels out the infall velocity of the neutrals in the $10^2$-$10^3$ AU-scale "pseudo-disk" where the field lines are most severely pinched and most of protostellar envelope mass infall occurs. As a result, the bulk neutral envelope matter can collapse without dragging much magnetic flux into the disk-forming region, which lowers the magnetic braking efficiency. We find that the initial disks enabled by VSG removal tend to be Toomre-unstable, which leads to the formation of prominent spiral structures that function as centrifugal barriers. The piling-up of infall material near the centrifugal barrier often produces dense fragments of tens of Jupiter masses, especially in cores that are not too strongly magnetized. Some fragments accrete onto the central stellar object, producing bursts in mass accretion rate. Others are longer lived, although whether they can survive long-term to produce multiple systems remains to be ascertained. Our results highlight the importance of dust grain evolution in determining the formation and properties of protostellar disks and potentially multiple systems.

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