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arXiv 1407.7115astro-ph.SR
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坍缩分子云中双星形成的热敏感性

On the thermal sensitivity of binary formation in collapsing molecular clouds

R. Riaz, S. Z. Farooqui, S. Vanaverbeke

摘要:

本文报道了低质量原恒星双星系统初始形成阶段的数值研究结果。我们确定分离的原恒星双星形成的初始热状态的函数,通过改变初始温度在一个稍微修改的版本的Burkert和Bodenheimer崩溃测试。我们发现,结果是高度敏感的初始温度的云和初始振幅的方位角密度扰动A。对于A= 10%,低于10 K的1个单位开尔文的变化导致瞬时分离的变化高达100 AU(即30%的数量级),而对于这个小的A,初始温度高于10 K产生的不是二元,而是一个从未达到原恒星密度的单一低质量碎片。然而,当扰动幅度从10%增加到25%时,原恒星双星确实出现了.我们还研究了临界密度的影响,这支配着从等温到绝热的热力学行为的塌陷气体的过渡。我们发现,临界密度不仅影响整体的结构演化的气体包层,但也在崩溃过程中形成的旋转盘结构的大小以及原恒星碎片的数量从最终的磁盘碎片。这种机制可以产生年轻的原恒星物体,构成束缚的多恒星系统。

英文摘要:

We report the results of a numerical study on the initial formation stages of low-mass protostellar binary systems. We determine the separation of protostellar binaries formed as a function of the initial thermal state by varying the initial temperature in a slightly modified version of the Burkert and Bodenheimer collapse test. We find that the outcome is highly sensitive to both the initial temperature of the cloud and the initial amplitude of azimuthal density perturbation A. For A=10 %, variations of only 1 unit Kelvin below 10 K lead to changes of up to 100 AU ( i.e. of order 30 %) in the instantaneous separation, whereas for this small A the initial temperatures above 10 K yield, instead of a binary, a single low-mass fragment that never reaches protostellar densities. Protostellar binaries, however, do emerge when the perturbation amplitude is increased from 10 % to 25 %. We also investigate the impact of the critical density which governs the transition from isothermal to adiabatic thermodynamic behaviour of the collapsing gas. We find that the critical density not only affects the overall structural evolution of the gas envelope, but also the size of the rotating disk structures formed during collapse as well as the number of protostellar fragments resulting from the final fragmentation of the disks. This mechanism can give rise to young protostellar objects constituting bound multiple stellar systems.

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