The aim of this study is to examine dust dynamics on a large scale and investigate the coupling of dust with gas fluid in the star formation process. We propose a method for calculating the dust trajectory in a gravitationally collapsing cloud, where the dust grains are treated as Lagrangian particles and are assumed to be neutral. We perform the dust trajectory calculations in combination with non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulation. Our simulation shows that dust particles with a size of $\le 10\,{\rm μm}$ are coupled with gas in a star-forming cloud core. We investigate the time evolution of the dust-to-gas mass ratio and the Stokes number, which is defined as the stopping time normalized by the freefall time-scale, and show that large dust grains ($\gtrsim 100\,{\rm μm}$) have a large Stokes number (close to unity) and tend to concentrate in the central region (i.e., protostar and rotationally supported disk) faster than do small grains ($\lesssim 10\,{\rm μm}$). Thus, large grains significantly increase the dust-to-gas mass ratio around and inside the disk. We also confirm that the dust trajectory calculations, which trace the physical quantities of each dust particle, reproduce previously reported results obtained using the Eulerian approach.
Conditions for justifying single-fluid approximation for charged and neutral dust fluids and a smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics method for dust-gas mixture
Magnetohydrodynamics of charged interstellar dust. Multifluid models and study of the linear modes
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM(巴黎萨克雷大学,巴黎西岱大学,法国原子能和替代能源委员会,法国国家科学研究中心,天体物理、分子和星际介质实验室);Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), CSIC(空间科学研究所,西班牙国家研究委员会)
The impact of freeze-out on collapsing molecular clouds
原子和分子,尤其是CO,是星际恒星形成气体云演化过程中的重要冷却剂。尘埃颗粒的存在,使许多化学反应发生在其表面,强烈影响云的化学成分。在低温下,尘埃颗粒可以锁定气相中的物质,这些物质冻结并形成冰。从这个意义上说,灰尘会耗尽重要的冷却剂。我们的目的是了解冻结的热平衡和引力约束的分子云的演变的影响。为此,我们进行三维流体动力学模拟与自适应网格代码FLASH。我们在两种不同的条件下模拟了重力不稳定云,有和没有粮食表面化学。我们让云的演变,直到一个自由落体的时间是达到和跟踪的热演化和丰富的物种在这段时间。我们看到,在数密度为10 $^4$ cm $^{-3}$时,大多数CO分子在与颗粒表面化学的运行中冻结在尘埃颗粒上,从而剥夺了最重要的冷却剂。结果,我们发现气体的温度上升到$\sim$ 25 K。当密度达到几个$\times$ 10 $^4$ cm $^{-3}$时,由于气体-颗粒碰撞冷却,温度再次下降。我们的结论是,晶粒表面化学不仅影响气相中的化学丰度,但也留下了明显的印记,影响恒星形成云的碎片的热演化。作为最后一步,我们提出了一个崩溃的分子云,包括粮食表面化学的状态方程。
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research(国际理论科学中心,塔塔基础研究所);Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics(大学间天体物理与天文中心);Department of Physics, Ashoka University(阿肖卡大学物理系);School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University(纽卡斯尔大学数学、统计与物理学院)
Quantifying the Significance of the Magnetic Field from Large-Scale Cloud to Collapsing Core: Self-Similarity, Mass-to-Flux Ratio and Star Formation Efficiency
A Split-Flux Method for Dust-Gas Two-Fluid Simulations from Strong to Weak Coupling
Center for Computational Astrophysics, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台计算天体物理中心);Astronomical Science Program, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)(高级研究院(SOKENDAI)天文学项目)
BIMA N2H+ 1-0 mapping observations of L183 -- fragmentation and spin-up in a collapsing, magnetized, rotating, pre-stellar core
为了研究L183星核致密部分的空间和运动学亚结构,我们利用伯克利-伊利诺伊-马里兰阵列(BIMA)对L183星核进行了N2 H + 1-0的深度成像。检测到三个空间和运动学上不同的团块,我们将其标记为L183-N1、L183-N2和L183-N3。L183-N2与亚毫米级尘埃峰值大致重合,位于L183的系统速度处。因此,我们认为L183-N2是L183的中心致密核。L183-N1和L183-N3是新发现的L183碎片,其速度梯度与L183整体的速度梯度平行,但远强于L183整体的速度梯度。此外,大尺度和小尺度的速度梯度的比率,以及它们各自的尺寸尺度的比率,与旋转的角动量守恒是一致的,坍缩的核心经历自旋。推断出的旋转轴平行于磁场方向,与我们在其他前星核中看到的一样,磁场方向偏离了长轴。因此,我们提出,我们已经检测到一个破碎的,崩溃的,无意识的,前恒星的核心,围绕它的B场旋转,这是旋转,因为它的崩溃。它可能会继续形成一个多原恒星系统。