We study the following Helmholtz equation $$ (\nabla +iA(x))^{2} u+ V_{1}(x) u + V_{2}(x) u + λu = f(x) $$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with magnetic and electric potentials that are singular at the origin and decay at infinity. We prove the existence of a unique solution satisfying a suitable Sommerfeld radiation condition, together with some a priori estimates. We use the limiting absorption method and a multiplier technique of Morawetz type.
We prove an $L^p$-version of the limiting absoprtion principle for a class of periodic elliptic differential operators of second order. The result is applied to the construction of nontrivial solutions of nonlinear Helmholtz equations with periodic coefficient functions.
In this work we investigate the L^p-L^q-mapping properties of the resolvent associated with the time-harmonic isotropic Maxwell operator. As spectral parameters close to the spectrum are also covered by our analysis, we obtain an L^p-L^q-type Limiting Absorption Principle for this operator. Our analysis relies on new results for Helmholtz systems with zero order non-Hermitian perturbations. Moreover, we provide an improved version of the Limiting Absorption Principle for Hermitian (self-adjoint) Helmholtz systems.
Adapting Mourre's commutator method to the dissipative setting, we prove a limiting absorption principle for a class of abstract dissipative operators. A consequence is the resolvent estimates for the high frequency Helmholtz equation when trapped trajectories meet the set where the imaginary part of the potential is non-zero. We also give the resolvent estimates in Besov spaces.
We consider the Helmholtz equation $-Δu+V \, u - λ\, u = f $ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ where the potential $V:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$ is constant on each of the half-spaces $\mathbb{R}^{n-1}\times (-\infty,0)$ and $\mathbb{R}^{n-1}\times (0,\infty)$. We prove an $L^p-L^q$-Limiting Absorption Principle for frequencies $λ>\max \, V$ with the aid of Fourier Restriction Theory and derive the existence of nontrivial solutions of linear and nonlinear Helmholtz equations.
We prove a limiting absorption principle for a generalized Helmholtz equation on an exterior domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions \begin{equation*} (L+λ)v=f, \qquad λ\in \mathbb{R} \end{equation*} under a Sommerfeld radiation condition at infinity. The operator $L$ is a second order elliptic operator with variable coefficients, the principal part is a small, long range perturbation of $-Δ$, while lower order terms can be singular and large. The main tool is a sharp uniform resolvent estimate, which has independent applications to the problem of embedded eigenvalues and to smoothing estima…
We study the forward problem of the magnetic Schrödinger operator with potentials that have a strong singularity at the origin. We obtain new resolvent estimates and give some applications on the spectral measure and on the solutions of the associated evolution problem.
In this paper, we introduce a new class of confluent hypergeometric functions of many variables, study their properties, and determine a system of partial differential equations that this function satisfies. It turns out that all the fundamental solutions of the generalized Helmholtz equation with several singular coefficients are written out through the newly introduced confluent hypergeometric function. Using the expansion formula established here for the confluent function, the order of the singularity of the fundamental solutions of the elliptic equation under this consideration is determi…
The main result of the present paper is the construction of fundamental solutions for a class of multidimensional elliptic equations with three singular coefficients, which could be expressed in terms of a confluent hypergeometric function of four variables. In addition, the order of the singularity is determined and the properties of the found fundamental solutions that are necessary for solving boundary value problems for degenerate elliptic equations of second order are found.
In space dimension $n\geq3$, we consider the electromagnetic Schrödinger Hamiltonian $H=(\nabla-iA(x))^2+V$ and the corresponding Helmholtz equation (\nabla-iA(x))^2u+u+V(x)u=f\quad \text{in}\quad \mathbb{R}^n, where the magnetic and electric potentials are allowed to have singularities at the origin and decay at infinity. We extend the well known $L^p$-$L^q$ estimates for the solution of the free Helmholtz equation to the case when the electromagnetic hamiltonian $H$ is considered. This work extends the results that appear in \cite{G}.
We obtain uncountably many solutions of nonlinear Helmholtz and curl-curl equations on the entire space using a fixed point approach. As an auxiliary tool a Limiting Absorption Principle for the curl-curl operator is proved.
In this paper, we investigate the limiting absorption principle associated to and the well-posedness of the Helmholtz equations with sign changing coefficients which are used to model negative index materials. Using the reflecting technique introduced in \cite{Ng-Complementary}, we first derive Cauchy problems from these equations. The limiting absorption principle and the well-posedness are then obtained via various a priori estimates for these Cauchy problems. There approaches are proposed to obtain the a priori estimates. The first one follows from a priori estimates of elliptic systems equ…
Our purpose of this paper is to study isolated singular solutions of semilinear Helmholtz equation $$ -Δu-u=Q|u|^{p-1}u \quad{\rm in}\ \ \mathbb{R}^N\setminus\{0\},\ \qquad\lim_{|x|\to0}u(x)=+\infty, $$ where $N\geq 2$, $p>1$ and the potential $Q: \mathbb{R}^N\to (0,+\infty)$ is a Hölder continuous function satisfying extra decaying conditions at infinity. We give the classification of the isolated singularity in the Serrin's subcritical case and then isolated singular solutions is derived with the form $u_k=kΦ+v_k$ via the Schauder fixed point theorem for the integral equation $$v_k=Φ\ast\big…
We consider the high frequency Helmholtz equation with a variable refraction index $n^2(x)$ ($x \in \R^d$), supplemented with a given high frequency source term supported near the origin $x=0$. A small absorption parameter $α_{\varepsilon}>0$ is added, which somehow prescribes a radiation condition at infinity for the considered Helmholtz equation. The semi-classical parameter is $\varepsilon>0$. We let $\eps$ and $\a_\eps$ go to zero {\em simultaneaously}. We study the question whether the indirectly prescribed radiation condition at infinity is satisfied {\em uniformly} along the asymptotic …
The double-layer potential plays an important role in solving boundary value problems for elliptic equations. All the fundamental solutions of the generalized bi-axially symmetric Helmholtz equation were known, and only for the first one was constructed the theory of potential. Here, in this paper, we aim at constructing theory of double-layer potentials corresponding to the next fundamental solution. By using some properties of one of Appell's hypergeometric functions in two variables, we prove limiting theorems and derive integral equations concerning a denseness of double-layer potentials.
The double-layer potential plays an important role in solving boundary value problems for elliptic equations, and in the study of which for a certain equation, the properties of the fundamental solutions of the given equation are used. All the fundamental solutions of the generalized bi-axially symmetric Helmholtz equation were known, and only for the first one was constructed the theory of potential. Here, in this paper, we aim at constructing theory of double-layer potentials corresponding to the third fundamental solution. By using some properties of one of Appell's hypergeometric functions…
In this paper, we study nonlinear Helmholtz equations (NLH) $-Δ_{\mathbb{H}^N} u - \frac{(N-1)^2}{4} u -λ^2 u = Γ|u|^{p-2}u$ in $\mathbb{H}^N$, $N\geq 2$ where $Δ_{\mathbb{H}^N}$ denotes the Laplace-Beltrami operator in the hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^N$ and $Γ\in L^\infty(\mathbb{H}^N)$ is chosen suitably. Using fixed point and variational techniques, we find nontrivial solutions to (NLH) for all $λ>0$ and $p>2$. The oscillatory behaviour and decay rates of radial solutions is analyzed, with possible extensions to Cartan-Hadamard manifolds and Damek-Ricci spaces. Our results rely on a new Li…
We lay down the preliminary work to apply the Functional Analytic Approach to quasi-periodic boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation. This consists in introducing a quasi-periodic fundamental solution and the related layer potentials, showing how they are used to construct the solutions of quasi-periodic boundary value problems, and how they behave when we perform a singular perturbation of the domain. To show an application, we study a nonlinear quasi-periodic Robin problem in a domain with a set of holes that shrink to points.
We study the electromagnetic Helmholtz equation \notag (\nabla + ib(x))^{2}u(x) + n(x)u(x) = f(x), \quad x\in\Rd with the magnetic vector potential $b(x)$ and $n(x)$ a variable index of refraction that does not necessarily converge to a constant at infinity, but can have an angular dependency like $n(x) \to n_{\infty}(\frac{x}{|x|})$ as $|x|\to\infty$. We prove an explicit Sommerfeld radiation condition \notag \int_{\Rd} |\D u - in_{\infty}^{1/2}\frac{x}{|x|}u|^{2} \frac{dx}{1+|x)} < + \infty for solutions obtained from the limiting absorption principle and we also give a new energy estimate \…
We study the Helmholtz equation with electromagnetic-type perturbations, in the exterior of a domain, in dimension $n\geq3$. We prove, by multiplier techniques in the sense of Morawetz, a family of a priori estimates from which the limiting absorption principle follows. Moreover, we give some standard applications to the absence of embedded eigenvalues and zero-resonances, under explicit conditions on the potentials.
We study the high frequency limit for a non-dissipative Helmholtz equation. We first prove the absence of eigenvalue on the upper half-plane and close to an energy which satisfies a weak damping assumption on trapped trajectories. Then we generalize to this setting the resolvent estimates of Robert-Tamura and prove the limiting absorption principle. We finally study the semiclassical measures of the solution when the source term concentrates on a bounded submanifold of R^n.
The double-layer potential plays an important r$\hat{\rm o}$le in solving boundary value problems of elliptic equations. Here, in this paper, we aim at introducing and investigating double layer potentials for a generalized bi-axially symmetric Helmholtz equation. By using some properties of one of Appell's hypergeometric functions in two variables, we prove limiting theorems and derive integral equations concerning a denseness of double-layer potentials.
Transformation optics constructions have allowed the design of cloaking devices that steer electromagnetic, acoustic and quantum waves around a region without penetrating it, so that this region is hidden from external observations. The material pa- rameters used to describe these devices are anisotropic, and singular at the interface between the cloaked and uncloaked regions, making physical realization a challenge. These singular material parameters correspond to singular coefficient functions in the partial differential equations modeling these constructions and the presence of these singul…
We prove the existence of $L^2$ solutions to the Helmholtz equation $(-Δ- 1)u = f$ in ${\mathbb R}^n$ assuming the given data $f$ belongs to $L^{(2n+2)/(n+5)}({\mathbb R}^n)$ and satisfies the "Fredholm condition" that $\hat{f}$ vanishes on the unit sphere. This problem, and similar results for the perturbed Helmholtz equation $(-Δ-1)u = -Vu + f$, are connected to the Limiting Absorption Principle for Schrödinger operators. The same techniques are then used to prove that a wide range of $L^p \mapsto L^q$ bounds for Bochner-Riesz multipliers are improved if one considers their action on the clo…
A method for the analytical evaluation of layer potentials arising in the collocation boundary element method for the Laplace and Helmholtz equation is developed for piecewise flat boundary elements with polynomial shape functions. The method is based on dimension-reduction via the divergence theorem and a Recursive scheme for evaluating the resulting line Integrals for Polynomial Elements (RIPE). It is used to evaluate single layer, double layer, adjoint double layer, and hypersingular potentials, for both the Laplace and the Helmholtz kernels. It naturally supports nearly singular, singular,…
This paper is concerned with reconstruction issue of some typical inverse problems and consists of three parts. First a framework of the enclosure method for an inverse source problem governed by the Helmholtz equation at a fixed wave number in three dimensions is introduced. It is based on the nonvanishing of the coefficient of the leading profile of an oscillatory integral over a domain having a conical singularity. Second an explicit formula of the coefficient for a domain having a circular cone singularity and its implication under the framework are given. Third, an application under the f…
A rigorous derivation of point vortex systems from kinetic equations has been a challenging open problem, due to singular layers in the inviscid limit, giving a large velocity gradient in the Boltzmann equations. In this paper, we derive the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff point-vortex system from the hydrodynamic limits of the Boltzmann equations. We construct Boltzmann solutions by the Hilbert-type expansion associated to the point vortices solutions of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations. We give a precise pointwise estimate for the solution of the Boltzmann equations with small Strouhal number and Knudsen …
In 2006, Janakiraman [10] showed that if $Ω$ with mean value zero on $S^{n-1}$ satisfies the condition \[ \sup_{|ξ|=1}\int_{S^{n-1}}|Ω(θ)-Ω(θ+δξ)|dσ(θ)\leq Cnδ\int_{S^{n-1}}|Ω(θ)|dσ(θ),\quad 0<δ<\frac{1}{n},\ (\ast) \] then for the singular integral operator $T_Ω$ with homogeneous kernel, the following limiting behavior holds: \[\lim\limits_{λ\rightarrow 0}λm(\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n:|T_Ωf(x)|>λ\})= \frac{1}{n}\|Ω\|_{1}\|f\|_{1},\quad \text{for}\ f\in L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\ \text{with}\ f\geq 0.\ (\ast\ast)\] In the present paper, we prove that if replacing the condition $(\ast)$ by more general conditi…
The Helmholtz wave scattering problem by screens in 2D can be recast into first-kind integral equations which lead to ill-conditioned linear systems after discretization. We introduce two new preconditioners, in the form of square-roots of local operators respectively for the corresponding problems with Dirichlet and Neumann conditions on the arc. They generalize the so-called "analytical" preconditioners available for Lipschitz scatterers. We introduce a functional setting adapted to the singularity of the problem and enabling the analysis of those preconditioners. The efficiency of the metho…
This work is devoted to study of a class of elliptic singular perturbed systems and their singular limit to a phase segregating system. We prove existence and uniqueness and study the asymptotic behaviour with convergence to a limiting problem as the interaction rate tends to infinity. The limiting problem is a free boundary problem such that at each point in the domain at least one of the components is zero which implies simultaneously all components can not coexist. We present a novel method, which provides an explicit solution of limiting problem for special choice of parameters. Moreover, …
In the works of K.A. Pericak-Spector and S. Spector \cite{ps88, ps98} a class of self-similar solutions are constructed for the equations of radial isotropic elastodynamics that describe cavitating solutions. Cavitating solutions decrease the total mechanical energy and provide a striking example of non-uniqueness of entropy weak solutions (for polyconvex energies) due to point-singularities at the cavity. To resolve this paradox, we introduce the concept of singular limiting induced from continuum solution (or slic-solution), according to which a discontinuous motion is a slic-solution if its…
We investigate inverse diffraction problems for penetrable gratings in a piecewise constant medium. In the TE polarization case, it is proved that a binary grating profile together with the refractive index beneath it can be uniquely determined by the near-field observation data incited by a single plane wave and measured on a line segment above the grating. Our approach relies on the expansion of solutions to the Helmholtz equation and the corner singularity analysis of solutions to the inhomogeneous Laplace equation with a piecewise continuous source term in a sector. This paper also contrib…
We consider the scalar Helmholtz equation with variable, discontinuous coefficients, modelling transmission of acoustic waves through an anisotropic penetrable obstacle. We first prove a well-posedness result and a frequency-explicit bound on the solution operator, with both valid for sufficiently-large frequency and for a class of coefficients that satisfy certain monotonicity conditions in one spatial direction, and are only assumed to be bounded (i.e., $L^\infty$) in the other spatial directions. This class of coefficients therefore includes coefficients modelling transmission by penetrable…
Wave propagation in the frequency regime in one-dimensional quasiperiodic media -Limiting absorption principle
Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；APAM, Columbia University, United States（美国哥伦比亚大学应用物理与应用数学系）；POEMS, CNRS, Inria, ENSTA, Institut Polytechnique de Paris,91120 Palaiseau, France（法国帕莱索欧洲光学与测量工程实验室（POEMS），法国国家科学研究中心（CNRS），法国国家信息与自动化研究所（Inria），国立高等先进技术学院（ENSTA），巴黎理工学院）
We give sharp limiting case Hardy inequalities on the sphere $\mathbb{S}^{2}$ and show that their optimal constants are unattainable by any $f\in H^{1}\left(\mathbb{S}^{2}\right)\setminus\{0\}$. The singularity of the problem is related to the geodesic distance from a point on the sphere.
In this paper, we show a weighted Hardy inequality in a limiting case for functions in weighted Sobolev spaces with respect to an invariant measure. We also prove that the constant in the left-hand side of the inequality is optimal. As applications, we establish the existence and nonexistence of positive exponentially bounded weak solutions to a parabolic problem involving the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator perturbed by a critical singular potential in two dimensional case, according to the size of the coefficient of the critical potential. These results can be considered as counterparts in the l…
We consider the time-harmonic acoustic wave scattering by a bounded {\it anisotropic inhomogeneity} embedded in an unbounded {\it anisotropic} homogeneous medium. The material parameters may have discontinuities across the interface between the inhomogeneous interior and homogeneous exterior regions. The corresponding mathematical problem is formulated as a transmission problems for a second order elliptic partial differential equation of Helmholtz type with discontinuous variable coefficients. Using a localised quasi-parametrix based on the harmonic fundamental solution, the transmission prob…
We consider the high-frequency Helmholtz equation with a given source term, and a small absorption parameter $\a>0$. The high-frequency (or: semi-classical) parameter is $\eps>0$. We let $\eps$ and $\a$ go to zero simultaneously. We assume that the zero energy is non-trapping for the underlying classical flow. We also assume that the classical trajectories starting from the origin satisfy a transversality condition, a generic assumption. Under these assumptions, we prove that the solution $u^\eps$ radiates in the outgoing direction, {\bf uniformly} in $\eps$. In particular, the function $u^\ep…
We consider a Cahn-Hilliard equation which is the conserved gradient flow of a nonlocal total free energy functional. This functional is characterized by a Helmholtz free energy density, which can be of logarithmic type. Moreover, the spatial interactions between the different phases are modeled by a singular kernel. As a consequence, the chemical potential $μ$ contains an integral operator acting on the concentration difference $c$, instead of the usual Laplace operator. We analyze the equation on a bounded domain subject to no-flux boundary condition for $μ$ and by assuming constant mobility…
We study the limiting behavior of the two-dimensional singular stochastic stochastic cubic nonlinear complex Ginzburg-Landau with Gibbs measure initial data. We show that in the appropriate small viscosity and small noise regimes, the limiting dynamics is given by the deterministic cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation at Gibbs equilibrium. In order to obtain this convergence, our approach combines both heat and Schrödinger analysis, within the framework of the Fourier restriction norm method of Bourgain (1993).
We study non-variational degenerate elliptic equations with high order singular structures. No boundary data are imposed and singularities occur along an {\it a priori} unknown interior region. We prove that positive solutions have a universal modulus of continuity that does not depend on their infimum value. We further obtain sharp, quantitative regularity estimates for non-negative limiting solutions.
We consider the mean-field limit of systems of particles with singular interactions of the type $-\log|x|$ or $|x|^{-s}$, with $0< s<d-2$, and with an additive noise in dimensions $d \geq 3$. We use a modulated-energy approach to prove a quantitative convergence rate to the solution of the corresponding limiting PDE. When $s>0$, the convergence is global in time, and it is the first such result valid for both conservative and gradient flows in a singular setting on $\mathbb{R}^d$. The proof relies on an adaptation of an argument of Carlen-Loss to show a decay rate of the solution to the limiti…
We prove a Limiting Absorption Principle for Schr{ö}dinger operators in tubes about infinite curves embedded in the Euclidian space with different types of boundary conditions. The argument is based on the Mourre theory with conjugate operators different from the generator of dilations which is usually used in this case, and permits to prove a Limiting Absorption Principle for Schr{ö}dinger operators in singular waveguides.
