Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field ${\bf k}$ of characteristic not equal to 2, let $\B$ be the variety of all Borel subgroups of $G$, and let $K$ be a symmetric subgroup of $G$. Fixing a closed $K$-orbit in $\B$, we associate to every $K$-orbit on $\B$ some subsets of the Weyl group of $G$, and we study them as invariants of the $K$-orbits. When ${\bf k} = {\mathbb C}$, these invariants are used to determine when an orbit of a real form of $G$ and an orbit of a Borel subgroup of $G$ have non-empty intersection in $\B$. We also characterize the invariants in terms of admissible paths in the set of $K$-orbits in $\B$.
Let G be a connected reductive complex algebraic group and B a Borel subgroup of G. We consider a subgroup H of B acting with finitely many orbits on the flag variety G/B, and we classify the H-orbits in G/B in terms of suitable combinatorial invariants. As well, we study the Weyl group action defined by Knop on the set of H-orbits in G/B, and we give a combinatorial model for this action in terms of weight polytopes.
Let $H$ be a connected spherical subgroup of a semisimple algebraic group $G$. In this paper, we give a criterion for $H$-orbit closures in the flag variety of $G$ to have nice geometric and cohomological properties. Our main tool is the method of Frobenius splitting and of global F-regularity.
PBW degenerations are a particularly nice family of flat degenerations of type A flag varieties. We show that the cohomology of any PBW degeneration of the flag variety surjects onto the cohomology of the original flag variety, and that this holds in an equivariant setting too. We also prove that the same is true in the symplectic setting when considering Feigin's linear degeneration of the symplectic flag variety.
The degenerate Lie group is a semidirect product of the Borel subgroup with the normal abelian unipotent subgroup. We introduce a class of the highest weight representations of the degenerate group of type A, generalizing the PBW-graded representations of the classical group. Following the classical construction of the flag varieties, we consider the closures of the orbits of the abelian unipotent subgroup in the projectivizations of the representations. We show that the degenerate flag varieties $\Fl^a_n$ and their desingularizations $R_n$ can be obtained via this construction. We prove that …
For a classical simple algebraic group $G$ we obtain the affirmative answer for the conjecture in [8] that there exists an isomorphism between the geometric crystal on the flag variety and the one on the unipotent subgroup $U^-$.
We prove that the invariant Hilbert scheme parametrising the equivariant deformations of the affine multicone over a flag variety is, under certain hypotheses, an affine space. The proof is based on the construction of a wonderful variety in a fixed multiprojective space.
The main result of this paper is a new parameterization of the orbits of a symmetric subgroup on a partial flag variety. The parameterization is in terms of certain Spaltenstein varieties, on one hand, and certain nilpotent orbits, on the other. One of the motivations is related to enumerating special unipotent representations of real reductive groups. Another motivation is understanding (a portion of) the closure order on the set of nilpotent coadjoint orbits.
We characterize the Sp_{2n} orbits in the flag variety for SL_{2n} with rationally smooth closure via a pattern avoidance criterion, also showing that the singular and rationally singular loci of such orbit closures coincide.
This is a review of results on the structure of the homogeneous ind-varieties $G/P$ of the ind-groups $G=\mathrm{GL}_{\infty}(\mathbb{C})$, $\mathrm{SL}_{\infty}(\mathbb{C})$, $\mathrm{SO}_{\infty}(\mathbb{C})$, $\mathrm{Sp}_{\infty}(\mathbb{C})$, subject to the condition that $G/P$ is a inductive limit of compact homogeneous spaces $G_n/P_n$. In this case the subgroup $P\subset G$ is a splitting parabolic subgroup of $G$, and the ind-variety $G/P$ admits a "flag realization". Instead of ordinary flags, one considers generalized flags which are, generally infinite, chains $\mathcal{C}$ of subs…
We introduce the notion of flag Bott-Samelson variety as a generalization of Bott-Samelson variety and flag variety. Using a birational morphism from an appropriate Bott-Samelson variety to a flag Bott-Samelson variety, we compute Newton-Okounkov bodies of flag Bott-Samelson varieties as generalized string polytopes, which are applied to give polyhedral expressions for irreducible decompositions of tensor products of $G$-modules. Furthermore, we show that flag Bott-Samelson varieties are degenerated into flag Bott manifolds with higher rank torus actions, and find the Duistermaat-Heckman measu…
We give explicit formulas for torus-equivariant fundamental classes of closed $K$-orbits on the flag variety $G/B$ when $G$ is one of the classical groups $SL(n,\C)$, $SO(n,\C)$, or $Sp(2n,\C)$, and $K$ is a symmetric subgroup of $G$. We describe parametrizations of each orbit set and the combinatorics of its weak order, allowing us to compute formulas for the equivariant classes of all remaining orbit closures using divided difference operators. In each of the cases in type A, we realize the $K$-orbit closures as universal degeneracy loci of a certain type, involving a vector bundle $V$ over …
Let $P$ be a parabolic subgroup in $SL_n(\mathbb C)$. We show that there is a $SL_n(\mathbb C)$-stable closed subvariety of an affine Schubert variety in an infinite dimensional partial Flag variety (associated to the Kac-Moody group ${\widehat{SL_n}(\mathbb C)}$) which is a natural compactification of the cotangent bundle to $SL_n(\mathbb C)/P$. As a consequence, we recover the Springer resolution for any orbit closure inside the variety of nilpotent matrices.
We describe the effect of Feigin's flat degeneration of the type $\textrm{A}$ flag variety on its Schubert varieties. In particular, we study when they stay irreducible and in several cases we are able to encode reducibility of the degenerations in terms of symmetric group combinatorics. As a side result, we obtain an identification of some Schubert varieties with Richardson varieties in higher rank partial flag varieties.
We introduce a family of rank-one local systems in the category of twisted $\mathcal{D}$-modules on a certain subvariety isomorphic to ${\mathbb{G}_{\text{m}}}^2$ of the affine flag variety of $\text{SL}_2$. We then give a criterion for these local systems, in terms of their parameters, to extend cleanly in the sense of $\mathcal{D}$-modules.
Recall the classical result that the cup product structure constants for the singular cohomology with integral coefficients of the Grassmannian of r-planes coincide with the Littlewood-Richardson tensor product structure constants for GL(r). Specifically, the result asserts that there is an explicit ring homomorphism ϕ: \Rep _{\poly}(GL(r)) to H^*(Gr(r, n)), where Gr(r, n) denotes the Grassmannian of r-planes in C^n and \Rep_{\poly} (GL(r)) denotes the polynomial representation ring of GL(r). This work seeks to achieve one possible generalization of this classical result for GL(r) and the Gras…
Let $G$ be a connected semisimple algebraic group and let $H \subset G$ be a connected reductive subgroup. Given a flag variety $X$ of $G$, a result of Vinberg and Kimelfeld asserts that $H$ acts spherically on $X$ if and only if for every irreducible representation $R$ of $G$ realized in the space of sections of a homogeneous line bundle on $X$ the restriction of $R$ to $H$ is multiplicity free. In this case, the information on restrictions to $H$ of all such irreducible representations of $G$ is encoded in a monoid, which we call the restricted branching monoid. In this paper, we review the …
In this paper, we discuss some partitions of affine flag varieties. These partitions include as special cases the partition of affine flag variety into affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties and the affine analogue of the partition of flag varieties into $\cb_w(b)$ introduced by Lusztig in \cite{L1} as part of the definition of character sheaves. Among other things, we give a formula for the dimension of affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties for classical loop groups in terms of degrees of class polynomials of extended affine Hecke algebra. We also prove that any simple $GL_n(\FF_q((\e)))$-module occurs …
We give a pattern avoidance criterion to classify the orbits of Sp(p,C) x Sp(q,C) (resp. GL(n,C)) on the flag variety of type C_{p+q} (resp. D_n) with rationally smooth closure. We show that all such orbit closures fiber (with smooth fiber) over a smaller flag variety, and hence are in fact smooth. In addition we prove that the classification is insensitive to isogeny.
Let G be a semisimple complex Lie group. In this article, we study Geometric Invariant Theory on a flag variety G/B with respect to the action of a principal 3-dimensional simple subgroup S of G. We determine explicitly the GIT-equivalence classes of S-ample line bundles on G/B. We show that, under mild assumptions, among the GIT-classes there are chambers, in the sense of Dolgachev-Hu. The Hilbert quotients Y=X//S with respect to various chambers form a family of Mori dream spaces, canonically associated with G. We are able to determine three important cones in the Picard group of any of thes…
Let $ G $ be a connected reductive algebraic group over $ \C $. We denote by $ K = (G^θ)_{0} $ the identity component of the fixed points of an involutive automorphism $ θ$ of $ G $. The pair $ (G, K) $ is called a symmetric pair. Let $Q$ be a parabolic subgroup of $K$. We want to find a pair of parabolic subgroups $P_{1}$, $P_{2}$ of $G$ such that (i) $P_{1} \cap P_{2} = Q$ and (ii) $P_{1} P_{2}$ is dense in $G$. The main result of this article states that, for a simple group $G$, we can find such a pair if and only if $(G, K)$ is a Hermitian symmetric pair. The conditions (i) and (ii) yield …
The purpose of the present paper is twofold: to introduce the notion of a generalized flag in an infinite dimensional vector space $V$ (extending the notion of a flag of subspaces in a vector space), and to give a geometric realization of homogeneous spaces of the ind--groups $SL(\infty)$, $SO(\infty)$ and $Sp(\infty)$ in terms of generalized flags. Generalized flags in $V$ are chains of subspaces which in general cannot be enumerated by integers. Given a basis $E$ of $V$, we define a notion of $E$--commensurability for generalized flags, and prove that the set $\cFl (\cF, E)$ of generalized f…
We study the connection between the category of modules over the affine Kac-Moody Lie algebra at the critical level, and the category of D-modules on the affine flag scheme G((t))/I, where I is the Iwahori subgroup. We prove a localization-type result, which establishes an equivalence between certain subcategories on both sides. We also establish an equivalence between a certain subcategory of Kac-Moody modules, and the category of quasi-coherent sheaves on the scheme of Miura opers for the Langlands dual group, thereby proving a conjecture of [FG2].
Let G be a connected real semi-simple Lie group and H a closed connected subgroup. Let P be a minimal parabolic subgroup of G. It is shown that H has an open orbit on the flag manifold G/P if and only if it has finitely many orbits on G/P. This confirms a conjecture by T. Matsuki.
Let G be the split special orthogonal group of degree 2n+1 over a field F of char F \ne 2. Then we describe G-orbits on the triple flag varieties G/P\times G/P\times G/P and G/P\times G/P\times G/B with respect to the diagonal action of G where P is a maximal parabolic subgroup of G of the shape (n,1,n) and B is a Borel subgroup. As by-products, we also describe GL_n-orbits on G/B, Q_{2n}-orbits on the full flag variety of GL_{2n} where Q_{2n} is the fixed-point subgroup in Sp_{2n} of a nonzero vector in F^{2n} and 1\times Sp_{2n}-orbits on the full flag variety of GL_{2n+1}. In the same way, …
Our main goal is to show that the Gelfand--Tsetlin toric degeneration of the type A flag variety can be obtained within a degenerate representation-theoretic framework similar to the theory of PBW degenerations. In fact, we provide such frameworks for all Gröbner degenerations intermediate between the flag variety and the GT toric variety. These degenerations are shown to induce filtrations on the irreducible representations and the associated graded spaces are acted upon by a certain associative algebra. To achieve our goal, we construct embeddings of our Gröbner degenerations into the projec…
We consider a desingularization Gamma of a Richardson variety X_w^v=X_w \cap X^v in the flag variety Fl(n)=GL(n)/B, obtained as a fibre of a projection from a certain Bott-Samelson variety Z. We then construct a basis of the homogeneous coordinate ring of Gamma inside Z, indexed by combinatorial objects which we call w_0-standard tableaux.
We study algebraic, combinatorial and geometric aspects of weighted PBW-type degenerations of (partial) flag varieties in type $A$. These degenerations are labeled by degree functions lying in an explicitly defined polyhedral cone, which can be identified with a maximal cone in the tropical flag variety. Varying the degree function in the cone, we recover, for example, the classical flag variety, its abelian PBW degeneration, some of its linear degenerations and a particular toric degeneration.
Let G be a semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. In this note, we show that an irreducible closed subvariety of the flag variety of G is compatibly split by the unique canonical Frobenius splitting if and only if it is a Richardson variety, i.e. an intersection of a Schubert and an opposite Schubert variety.
Let G be a semisimple complex algebraic group with Borel subgroup B and let P be a parabolic subgroup of G. Let T*(G/P) denote the cotangent bundle of G/P. Ranee Brylinski discovered a connection between cohomology of G-equivariant line bundles on T*(G/B) and the so-called Brylinski-Kostant filtration, which describes the action of principal sl_2 triples on G-representations. In this paper we generalize these results to a larger class of sl_2 triples. Along the way we also obtain generalizations of results due to Broer on cohomology of G-equivariant bundles on T*(G/P) for various parabolics P.
We classify the GL_p x GL_q-orbits in the flag variety for GL_{p+q} with rationally smooth closure, showing that they are all either already closed or are pullbacks from orbits with smooth closure in a partial flag variety.
This paper studies affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties in the affine flag manifold of a split group. Among other things, it proves emptiness for certain of these varieties, relates some of them to those for Levi subgroups, extends previous conjectures concerning their dimensions, and generalizes the superset method.
We describe hypergeometric solutions of the quantum differential equation of the cotangent bundle of a gl_n partial flag variety. These hypergeometric solutions manifest the Landau-Ginzburg mirror symmetry for the cotangent bundle of a partial flag variety.
We show that each orbit of a Borel subgroup $B_{n-1}$ of GL(n-1) (respectively SO(n-1)) on the flag variety of GL(n) (respectively of SO(n)) is a bundle over a $B_{n-1}$-orbit on a generalized flag variety of GL(n-1) (respectively SO(n-1)), with fiber isomorphic to an orbit of an analogous subgroup on a smaller flag variety. As a consequence, we develop an inductive procedure to classify $B_{n-1}$-orbits on the flag variety. Our method is essentially uniform in the two cases. As further consequences, in the sequel to this paper we give an explicit combinatorial classification of orbits and det…
In math.RT/0201073 we constructed an equivalence between the derived category of equivariant coherent sheaves on the cotangent bundle to the flag variety of a simple algebraic group and a (quotient of) the category of constructible sheaves on the affine flag variety of the Langlands dual group. Below we prove certain properties of this equivalence; provide a similar ``Langlands dual'' description for the category of equivariant coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone; and deduce some conjectures by Lusztig and Ostrik.
In this paper, we will look at actions on complex flag varieties $G/P$ of the torus $\hat{T}=\bigcap\limits_{α\inΔ\setminusΔ_P}\ker(α)$, and under reasonable assumptions, we will give a description of the set $X^{us}$ of unstable points for $\hat{T}$-linearized invertible sheaves. We will investigate the case where $P$ is a maximal parabolic subgroup, and show that $X^{us}$ can be written as a disjoint union of a Schubert variety and an opposite Schubert variety, and we deduce the vanishing of cohomology groups $H^i(Y,{\cal M})$ for invertible sheaves ${\cal M}$ on the quotient variety $Y$ for…
Let $G$ be a semisimple algebraic group whose decomposition into a product of simple components does not contain simple groups of type $A$, and $P\subseteq G$ be a parabolic subgroup. Extending the results of Popov [7], we enumerate all triples $(G, P, n)$ such that (a) there exists an open $G$-orbit on the multiple flag variety $G/P\times G/P\times\ldots\times G/P$ ($n$ factors), (b) the number of $G$-orbits on the multiple flag variety is finite.
This paper introduces a class of smooth projective varieties that generalise and share many properties with partial flag varieties of type A. The quiver flag variety M_\vartheta(Q,r) of a finite acyclic quiver Q (with a unique source) and a dimension vector r is a fine moduli space of stable representations of Q. Quiver flag varieties are Mori Dream Spaces, they are obtained via a tower of Grassmann bundles, and their bounded derived category of coherent sheaves is generated by a tilting bundle. We define the multigraded linear series of a weakly exceptional sequence of locally free sheaves E …
Cohomological induction gives an algebraic method for constructing representations of a real reductive Lie group $G$ from irreducible representations of reductive subgroups. Beilinson-Bernstein localization alternatively gives a geometric method for constructing Harish-Chandra modules for $G$ from certain representations of a Cartan subgroup. The duality theorem of Hecht, Mili\vcić, Schmid and Wolf establishes a relationship between modules cohomologically induced from minimal parabolics and the cohomology of the $\ms{D}$-modules on the complex flag variety for $G$ determined by the Beilinson-…
In this paper we study a key example of a Hermitian symmetric space and a natural associated double flag variety, namely for the real symplectic group $G$ and the symmetric subgroup $L$, the Levi part of the Siegel parabolic $P_S$. We give a detailed treatment of the case of the maximal parabolic subgroups $Q$ of $L$ corresponding to Grassmannians and the product variety of $G/P_S$ and $L/Q$; in particular we classify the $L$-orbits here, and find natural explicit integral transforms between degenerate principal series of $L$ and $G$.
Let $G$ be a symplectic or special orthogonal group, let $H$ be a connected reductive subgroup of $G$, and let $X$ be a flag variety of $G$. We classify all triples $(G,H,X)$ such that the natural action of $H$ on $X$ is spherical. For each of these triples, we determine the restrictions to $H$ of all irreducible representations of $G$ realized in spaces of sections of homogeneous line bundles on $X$.
Let $ G $ be a connected, simply connected semisimple algebraic group over the complex number field, and let $ K $ be the fixed point subgroup of an involutive automorphism of $ G $ so that $ (G, K) $ is a symmetric pair. We take parabolic subgroups $ P $ of $ G $ and $ Q $ of $ K $ respectively and consider the product of partial flag varieties $ G/P $ and $ K/Q $ with diagonal $ K $-action, which we call a \emph{double flag variety for symmetric pair}. It is said to be \emph{of finite type} if there are only finitely many $ K $-orbits on it. In this paper, we give a parametrization of $ K $-…
The flag variety of a complex reductive linear algebraic group G is by definition the quotient G/B by a Borel subgroup. It can be regarded as the set of Borel subalgebras of Lie(G). Given a nilpotent element e in Lie(G), one calls Springer fiber the subvariety formed by the Borel subalgebras which contain e. Springer fibers have in general a complicated structure (not irreducible, singular). Nevertheless, a theorem by C. De Concini, G. Lusztig, and C. Procesi asserts that, when G is classical, a Springer fiber can always be paved by finitely many subvarieties isomorphic to affine spaces. In th…
Consider a simple complex Lie group $G$ acting diagonally on a triple flag variety $G/P_1\times G/P_2\times G/P_3$, where $P_i$ is parabolic subgroup of $G$. We provide an algorithm for systematically checking when this action has finitely many orbits. We then use this method to give a complete classification for when $G$ is of type $F_4$. The $E_6, E_7,$ and $E_8$ cases will be treated in a subsequent paper.
The totally nonnegative flag variety was introduced by Lusztig. It has enriched combinatorial, geometric, and Lie-theoretic structures. In this paper, we introduce a (new) $J$-total positivity on the full flag variety of an arbitrary Kac-Moody group, generalizing the (ordinary) total positivity. We show that the $J$-totally nonnegative flag variety has a cellular decomposition into totally positive $J$-Richardson varieties. Moreover, each totally positive $J$-Richardson variety admits a favorable decomposition, called a product structure. Combined with the generalized Poincare conjecture, we p…
We give positive combinatorial descriptions of Schubert structure constants $c_{u,v}^w$ for the full flag variety in type $A_{n-1}$ when $u$ and $v$ form what we refer to as a "$(p,q)$-pair" ($p+q=n$). The key observation is that a certain subset of the $GL(p,\mathbb{C}) \times GL(q,\mathbb{C})$-orbit closures on the flag variety (those satisfying an easily stated pattern avoidance condition) are Richardson varieties. The result on structure constants follows when one combines this observation with a theorem of Brion concerning intersection numbers of spherical subgroup orbit closures and Schu…
The subgroup K=GL_p x GL_q of GL_{p+q} acts on the (complex) flag variety GL_{p+q}/B with finitely many orbits. We introduce a family of polynomials that specializes to representatives for cohomology classes of the orbit closures in the Borel model. We define and study K-orbit determinantal ideals to support the geometric naturality of these representatives. Using a modification of these ideals, we describe an analogy between two local singularity measures: the H-polynomials and the Kazhdan-Lusztig-Vogan polynomials.
