arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 1102.3709q-bio.PE
收藏

Wright的适应性景观与Fisher的基本定理

Wright's adaptive landscape versus Fisher's fundamental theorem

Steven A. Frank

摘要:

进化论的两位巨人休厄尔·赖特和R. A.费舍尔,奋战了三十多年。赖特-费舍尔的争论构成了生物学历史和哲学的基石。我认为,赖特-费舍尔争议的标准解释并不能准确地代表这两个关键的历史人物的想法和论点。通常的说法是将每个名字所附带的主要口号进行对比:赖特的适应性景观和进化的平衡转移理论与费舍尔的自然选择基本定理。这些不同的理论实际上是不可替代的。赖特的理论是一个详细的动态模型的进化变化的实际人口。费雪的理论是一个抽象的不变性和守恒定律,像所有的物理定律一样,它捕捉了系统的基本特征,但并不能解释真实例子中动力学的所有方面。在赖特诉费希尔案的先前分析中,没有出现关于真实案例的具体化理论与抽象法律之间的这种关键对比。他们从来没有争论过这种对比。相反,他们的论点中所涉及的问题涉及实际人口的实际动态。两人都认为非加性(上位性)基因组合的波动在进化中起着核心作用。赖特强调在小的、孤立的群体中基因组合的随机波动。相比之下,费舍尔认为,大群体中的波动选择是非加性基因组合波动的主要原因。仔细阅读可以发现,被广泛引用的费舍尔的观点大多来自赖特对费舍尔的评价,而费舍尔自己的著作显然不支持这些观点。

英文摘要:

Two giants of evolutionary theory, Sewall Wright and R. A. Fisher, fought bitterly for over thirty years. The Wright-Fisher controversy forms a cornerstone of the history and philosophy of biology. I argue that the standard interpretations of the Wright-Fisher controversy do not accurately represent the ideas and arguments of these two key historical figures. The usual account contrasts the major slogans attached to each name: Wright's adaptive landscape and shifting balance theory of evolution versus Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection. These alternative theories are in fact incommensurable. Wright's theory is a detailed dynamical model of evolutionary change in actual populations. Fisher's theory is an abstract invariance and conservation law that, like all physical laws, captures essential features of a system but does not account for all aspects of dynamics in real examples. This key contrast between embodied theories of real cases and abstract laws is missing from prior analyses of Wright versus Fisher. They never argued about this contrast. Instead, the issue at stake in their arguments concerned the actual dynamics of real populations. Both agreed that fluctuations of nonadditive (epistatic) gene combinations play a central role in evolution. Wright emphasized stochastic fluctuations of gene combinations in small, isolated populations. By contrast, Fisher believed that fluctuating selection in large populations was the main cause of fluctuation in nonadditive gene combinations. Close reading shows that widely cited views attributed to Fisher mostly come from what Wright said about Fisher, whereas Fisher's own writings clearly do not support such views.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑