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arXiv 1102.2526astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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盘星系周围星晕形成的宇宙学模拟

Cosmological simulations of the formation of the stellar haloes around disc galaxies

Andreea S. Font, Ian G. McCarthy, Robert A. Crain, Tom Theuns, Joop Schaye, Robert P. C. Wiersma, Claudio Dalla Vecchia

摘要:

我们使用星系-星系际介质相互作用计算(GIMIC)的宇宙学流体动力学模拟套件来研究银河系质量盘状星系的恒星球状体的形成。这些模拟包含了对金属依赖的辐射冷却、恒星形成、超新星反馈和化学动力学的精确处理,并且已经模拟的大体积产生了前所未有的大样本~400个模拟的L_* 盘星系。模拟的星系被低质量、低表面亮度的恒星晕所包围,这些恒星晕延伸到~100 kpc甚至更远。在质量密度、表面亮度和金属丰度分布方面,弥漫的恒星分布与银河系、M31和其他附近星系的观测结果有着显著的相似之处。我们发现,在现场恒星形成通常占主导地位的恒星球状体的质量在半径r < 30千秒差距,而吸积的恒星占主导地位,在更大的半径和这种变化的起源引起的变化,在斜率的表面亮度和金属丰度轮廓,这也是目前在观测数据。然而,在球体的原位质量分数中的系统到系统的散射是大的并且跨越4倍。因此,在r < 30 kpc内,球状体密度分布的形状和归一化存在很大程度的分散(例如,当通过球形幂律分布拟合时,折射率范围为-2.6至-3.4)。我们表明,在原位的质量分数的球体是链接到系统的形成时代。平均而言,动力学上较老的系统对原位恒星形成的贡献较大,尽管这种关系中存在显着的系统间分散。因此,原位恒星形成可能代表了纯吸积模型长期失败的解决方案,以重现观察到的内球体的属性。

英文摘要:

We use the Galaxies-Intergalactic Medium Interaction Calculation (GIMIC) suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to study the formation of stellar spheroids of Milky Way-mass disc galaxies. The simulations contain accurate treatments of metal-dependent radiative cooling, star formation, supernova feedback, and chemodynamics, and the large volumes that have been simulated yield an unprecedentedly large sample of ~400 simulated L_* disc galaxies. The simulated galaxies are surrounded by low-mass, low-surface brightness stellar haloes that extend out to ~100 kpc and beyond. The diffuse stellar distributions bear a remarkable resemblance to those observed around the Milky Way, M31 and other nearby galaxies, in terms of mass density, surface brightness, and metallicity profiles. We show that in situ star formation typically dominates the stellar spheroids by mass at radii of r < 30 kpc, whereas accretion of stars dominates at larger radii and this change in origin induces a change in slope of the surface brightness and metallicity profiles, which is also present in the observational data. The system-to-system scatter in the in situ mass fractions of the spheroid, however, is large and spans over a factor of 4. Consequently, there is a large degree of scatter in the shape and normalisation of the spheroid density profile within r < 30 kpc (e.g., when fit by a spherical powerlaw profile the indices range from -2.6 to -3.4). We show that the in situ mass fraction of the spheroid is linked to the formation epoch of the system. Dynamically older systems have, on average, larger contributions from in situ star formation, although there is significant system-to-system scatter in this relationship. Thus, in situ star formation likely represents the solution to the longstanding failure of pure accretion-based models to reproduce the observed properties of the inner spheroid.

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