arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1901.04748astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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Milky Way大小晕周围子结构的统计性质及其对恒星流形成的意义

Statistical properties of substructures around Milky Way-sized haloes and their implications for the formation of stellar streams

Yu Morinaga, Tomoaki Ishiyama, Takanobu Kirihara, Kazuki Kinjo

摘要:

在银河系和附近星系周围观测到起源于破裂的矮星系和星团的恒星流。这种亚结构是记录主晕如何吸积祖星系的重要示踪物。基于宇宙学的背景下,我们调查的子结构,如长度和薄度在$z=0$的结构特性之间的关系,和他们的祖先的轨道。我们模拟恒星组件的大样本的银河系大小的晕周围的子结构相结合的半解析模型与高分辨率的宇宙学$N$体模拟。使用粒子标记的方法,我们嵌入恒星组件的祖晕和跟踪相空间分布的子结构下降到$z=0$。我们发现,当宿主晕吸积它们的祖先时,亚结构的长度和厚度随红移的变化是平滑的。对于在$z=0$观测到的类似流的子结构,大部分的祖细胞是由它们的宿主晕在红移$0.5\lesssim z\lesssim 2.5$处吸积的。子结构的祖先在这个吸积红移范围之外,完全或较少地被$z=0$破坏,不能被观察到流。亚结构的长度和厚度随祖细胞的近心点和远心点的变化而变化。观察到的类似流的亚结构倾向于具有特定范围的$10\ {\rm kpc} \lesssim r_{\rm peri}\lesssim100\ {\rm kpc}$和$50\ {\rm kpc} \lesssim r_{\rm apo}\lesssim300\ {\rm kpc}$。

英文摘要:

Stellar streams originating in disrupted dwarf galaxies and star clusters are observed around the Milky Way and nearby galaxies. Such substructures are the important tracers that record how the host haloes have accreted progenitor galaxies. Based on the cosmological context, we investigate the relationship between structural properties of substructures such as length and thinness at $z=0$, and orbits of their progenitors. We model stellar components of a large sample of substructures around Milky Way-sized haloes by combining semi-analytic models with a high-resolution cosmological $N$-body simulation. Using the Particle Tagging method, we embed stellar components in progenitor haloes and trace phase-space distributions of the substructures down to $z=0$. We find that the length and thinness of substructures vary smoothly as the redshift when the host haloes accrete their progenitors. For substructures observed like streams at $z=0$, a large part of the progenitors is accreted by their host haloes at redshift $0.5\lesssim z\lesssim 2.5$. Substructures with progenitors out of this accretion redshift range are entirely or less disrupted by $z=0$ and cannot be observed as streams. We also find that the distributions of length and thinness of substructures vary smoothly as pericenter and apocenter of the progenitors. Substructures observed like streams tend to have the specific range of $10\ {\rm kpc} \lesssim r_{\rm peri}\lesssim100\ {\rm kpc}$ and $50\ {\rm kpc} \lesssim r_{\rm apo}\lesssim300\ {\rm kpc}$.

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