标量场暗物质：帮助还是伤害宇宙学中的小尺度问题？
Scalar Field Dark Matter: Helping or Hurting Small-Scale Problems in Cosmology?
摘要：
在超轻标量场暗物质（SFDM）宇宙学模拟结果的基础上，我们提出了SFDM晕密度分布与晕维里质量$M_{\rm h}$和标量场质量$m$的函数关系的综合模型。SFDM晕的中心区域由具有特征密度的孤子主导，该特征密度随着晕质量的增加而增加，并且在大半径处渐近线为CDM样轮廓。对于标量场质量$m \sim 10^{-22}$ eV，与大尺度结构观测一致，$M_{\rm h} \sim 10^{10} \,M_\odot$晕的核心密度低于冷暗物质（CDM），这在反馈不太有效的情况下加剧了太大而不能失败的问题（TBTF）。然而，具有$M_{\rm h} \sim 10^{11} \,M_\odot$的更高质量SFDM晕在小的观测相关半径处比它们的CDM对应物更密集。我们使用旋转曲线的$V \sim 100$公里的$^{-1}$星系从ESTA数据库显示，SFDM加剧了尖/核心和中央密度问题，在CDM在这个规模。我们的结论是，如果传统的宇宙学SFDM标度关系是正确的，那么重子反馈需要更低的密度在SFDM晕比CDM。这促使宇宙学和自洽流体动力学模拟的SFDM，以确定是否可以改变现实的反馈实现的中心孤子结构。
英文摘要：
Building upon results of cosmological simulations of ultra-light scalar field dark matter (SFDM), we present a comprehensive model for the density profiles of SFDM haloes as a function of halo virial mass $M_{\rm h}$ and scalar field mass $m$. The central regions of SFDM haloes are dominated by solitons with characteristic densities that increase with increasing halo mass and asymptote to CDM-like profiles at large radii. For scalar field masses $m \sim 10^{-22}$ eV, consistent with large-scale structure observations, $M_{\rm h} \sim 10^{10} \,M_\odot$ haloes have lower core densities than their Cold Dark Matter (CDM) counterparts and this alleviates the Too Big to Fail problem (TBTF) in a regime where feedback is less effective. However, higher-mass SFDM haloes with $M_{\rm h} \sim 10^{11} \,M_\odot$ are denser than their CDM counterparts at small, observationally relevant radii. We use rotation curves of $V \sim 100$ km s$^{-1}$ galaxies from the SPARC database to show that SFDM exacerbates the cusp/core and central density problems seen in CDM at this scale. We conclude that if the conventional cosmological SFDM scaling relations are correct, then baryonic feedback is required to lower densities in SFDM haloes even more so than in CDM. This motivates cosmological and self-consistent hydrodynamic simulations of SFDM to determine whether central soliton structure can be altered by realistic feedback implementations.
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