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arXiv 1102.2430astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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维里半径外室女星系团的X射线能谱

X-ray Spectroscopy of the Virgo Cluster out to the Virial Radius

O. Urban, N. Werner, A. Simionescu, S. W. Allen, H. Böhringer

摘要:

我们分析了一个由十三个XMM-牛顿点组成的镶嵌图,这些点覆盖了室女星系团从中心向北到半径r~1.2 Mpc(~4.5度)的范围,达到维里半径甚至更远。这是第一次对中等大小(M_vir~ 1.4e ~(14)M_sun,kT~ 2.3keV)的动态年轻星系团的维里半径进行了研究。团簇的密度分布可以用指数为1.21+/-0.12的令人惊讶的浅幂律来描述。在0.3r_vir<r<r_vir的半径范围内,最佳拟合温度下降了大约60%,在半径r<450 kpc的范围内,熵分布近似为指数为1.1的幂律形式,这与流体静力平衡下引力坍缩气体的预期一致。然而,超过r~450 kpc,温度和金属丰度突然下降,熵分布变得平坦,始终低于预期值2-2.5倍。对于异常浅的密度轮廓和大半径处熵的平坦化,最可能的解释是ICM中的聚集。我们的数据提供了直接的观测证据,证明ICM被金属富集到r_200到至少Z=0.1太阳。

英文摘要:

We present results from the analysis of a mosaic of thirteen XMM-Newton pointings covering the Virgo Cluster from its center northwards out to a radius r~1.2 Mpc (~4.5 degrees), reaching the virial radius and beyond. This is the first time that the properties of a modestly sized (M_vir~1.4e14 M_sun, kT~2.3 keV), dynamically young cluster have been studied out to the virial radius. The density profile of the cluster can be described by a surprisingly shallow power-law with index 1.21+/-0.12. In the radial range of 0.3r_vir<r<r_vir, the best fit temperature drops by roughly 60 per cent. Within a radius r<450 kpc, the entropy profile has an approximate power-law form with index 1.1, as expected for gravitationally collapsed gas in hydrostatic equilibrium. Beyond r~450 kpc, however, the temperature and metallicity drop abruptly, and the entropy profile becomes flatter, staying consistently below the expected value by a factor of 2-2.5. The most likely explanation for the unusually shallow density profile and the flattening of entropy at large radius is clumping in the ICM. Our data provide direct observational evidence that the ICM is enriched by metals all the way to r_200 to at least Z=0.1 Solar.

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