In the large coupling constant limit, we obtain an asymptotic expansion in powers of $μ^{-\frac{1}δ}$ of the derivative of the spectral shift function corresponding to the pair $\big(P_μ=P_0+μW(x),P_0=-Δ+V(x)\big),$ where $W(x)$ is positive, $W(x)\sim w_0(\frac{x}{|x|})|x|^{-δ}$ near infinity for some $δ>n$ and $w_0\in {\mathcal C}^\infty(\mathbb S^{n-1};\,\mathbb R_+).$ Here $\mathbb S^{n-1}$ is the unite sphere of the space $\mathbb R^n$ and $μ$ is a large parameter. The potential $V$ is real-valued, smooth and periodic with respect to a lattice $Γ$ in ${\mathbb R}^n$.
We investigate the eigenvalues of perturbed spherical Schrödinger operators under the assumption that the perturbation $q(x)$ satisfies $x q(x) \in L^1(0,1)$. We show that the square roots of eigenvalues are given by the square roots of the unperturbed eigenvalues up to an decaying error depending on the behavior of $q(x)$ near $x=0$. Furthermore, we provide sets of spectral data which uniquely determine $q(x)$.
We investigate the singular Weyl-Titchmarsh m-function of perturbed spherical Schroedinger operators (also known as Bessel operators) under the assumption that the perturbation $q(x)$ satisfies $x q(x) \in L^1(0,1)$. We show existence plus detailed properties of a fundamental system of solutions which are entire with respect to the energy parameter. Based on this we show that the singular m-function belongs to the generalized Nevanlinna class and connect our results with the theory of super singular perturbations.
We develop Weyl-Titchmarsh theory for Schroedinger operators with strongly singular potentials such as perturbed spherical Schroedinger operators (also known as Bessel operators). It is known that in such situations one can still define a corresponding singular Weyl m-function and it was recently shown that there is also an associated spectral transformation. Here we will give a general criterion when the singular Weyl function can be analytically extended to the upper half plane. We will derive an integral representation for this singular Weyl function and give a criterion when it is a genera…
We study Schroedinger operators with periodic magnetic field in Euclidean 2-space, in the case of irrational magnetic flux. Positive measure Cantor spectrum is generically expected in the presence of an electric potential. We show that, even without electric potential, the spectrum has positive measure if the magnetic field is a perturbation of a constant one.
We study discrete Schroedinger operators with analytic potentials. In particular, we are interested in the connection between the absolutely continuous spectrum in the almost periodic case and the spectra in the periodic case. We prove a weak form of a precise conjecture relating the two. We also bound the measure of the spectrum in the periodic case in terms of the Lyapunov exponent in the almost periodic case. In the proofs, we use a partial generalization of Chambers' formula. As an additional application of this generalization, we provide a new proof of Herman's lower bound for the Lyapuno…
We develop direct and inverse scattering theory for one-dimensional Schroedinger operators with steplike potentials which are asymptotically close to different finite-gap periodic potentials on different half-axes. We give a complete characterization of the scattering data, which allow unique solvability of the inverse scattering problem in the class of perturbations with finite second moment.
We consider a periodic system of domains coupled by small windows. In such domain we study the band spectrum of a Schroedinger operator subject to Neumann condition. We show that near each isolated eigenvalue of the similar operator but in the periodicity cell, there are several non-intersecting bands of the spectrum for the perturbed operator. We also discuss the position of the points at which the band functions attain the edges of each band.
We provide an abstract framework for singular one-dimensional Schroedinger operators with purely discrete spectra to show when the spectrum plus norming constants determine such an operator completely. As an example we apply our findings to prove a new uniqueness results for perturbed quantum mechanical harmonic oscillators. In addition, we also show how to establish a Hochstadt-Liebermann type result for these operators. Our approach is based on the singular Weyl-Titchmarsh theory which is extended to cover the present situation.
Fermi surfaces are basic objects in solid state physics and in the spectral theory of periodic operators. We define several measures connected to Fermi surfaces and study their measure theoretic properties. From this we get absence of singular continuous spectrum and of singular continuous components in the density of states for symmetric periodic elliptic differential operators acting on vector bundles. This includes Schroedinger operators with periodic magnetic field and rational flux, as well as the corresponding Pauli and Dirac-type operators.
We study the Schrödinger operator on $L_2(\mathbb R^3)$ with periodic variable metric, and periodic electric and magnetic fields. It is assumed that the operator is reflection symmetric and the (appropriately defined) flux of the magnetic field is rational. Under these assumptions it is shown that the spectrum of the operator is absolutely continuous. Previously known results on absolute continuity for periodic operators were obtained for the zero magnetic flux.
We study spectral properties of the Schroedinger operator with an imaginary sign potential on the real line. By constructing the resolvent kernel, we show that the pseudospectra of this operator are highly non-trivial, because of a blow-up of the resolvent at infinity. Furthermore, we derive estimates on the location of eigenvalues of the operator perturbed by complex potentials. The overall analysis demonstrates striking differences with respect to the weak-coupling behaviour of the Laplacian.
We prove a localization theorem for continuous ergodic Schrödinger operators $ H_ω:= H_0 + V_ω$, where the random potential $ V_ω$ is a nonnegative Anderson-type perturbation of the periodic operator $ H_0$. We consider a lower spectral band edge of $ σ(H_0) $, say $ E= 0 $, at a gap which is preserved by the perturbation $ V_ω$. Assuming that all Floquet eigenvalues of $ H_0$, which reach the spectral edge 0 as a minimum, have there a positive definite Hessian, we conclude that there exists an interval $ I $ containing 0 such that $ H_ω$ has only pure point spectrum in $ I $ for almost all $ …
In this paper we study the asymptotic expansion of the spectral shift function for the slowly varying perturbations of periodic Schrödinger operators. We give a weak and pointwise asymptotics expansions in powers of $h$ of the derivative of the spectral shift function corresponding to the pair $\big(P(h)=P_0+ϕ(hx),P_0=-Δ+V(x)\big),$ where $ϕ(x)\in {\mathcal C}^\infty(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R)$ is a decreasing function, ${\mathcal O}(|x|^{-δ})$ for some $δ>n$ and $h$ is a small positive parameter. Here the potential $V$ is real, smooth and periodic with respect to a lattice $Γ$ in ${\mathbb R}^n$.…
We investigate the kernels of the transformation operators for one-dimensional Schroedinger operators with potentials, which are asymptotically close to Bohr almost periodic infinite-gap potentials.
We investigate the connections between Weyl-Titchmarsh-Kodaira theory for one-dimensional Schrödinger operators and the theory of $n$-entire operators. As our main result we find a necessary and sufficient condition for a one-dimensional Schrödinger operator to be $n$-entire in terms of square integrability of derivatives (w.r.t. the spectral parameter) of the Weyl solution. We also show that this is equivalent to the Weyl function being in a generalized Herglotz-Nevanlinna class. As an application we show that perturbed Bessel operators are $n$-entire, improving the previously known condition…
In this paper we consider the discrete one-dimensional Schroedinger operator with quasi-periodic potential v_n = λv (x + n ω). We assume that the frequency ωsatisfies a strong Diophantine condition and that the function v belongs to a Gevrey class, and it satisfies a transversality condition. Under these assumptions we prove - in the perturbative regime - that for large disorder λand for most frequencies ωthe operator satisfies Anderson localization. Moreover, we show that the associated Lyapunov exponent is positive for all energies, and that the Lyapunov exponent and the integrated density o…
Schroedinger operator on the half-line with periodic background potential perturbed by a certain potential of Wigner-von Neumann type is considered. The asymptotics of generalized eigenvectors for the values of the spectral parameter from the upper half-plane and on the absolutely continuous spectrum is established. Weyl-Titchmarsh type formula for this operator is proven.
We consider the Dirichlet Laplacian in a straight planar strip perturbed by a bounded periodic symmetric operator. We prove the classical Bethe-Sommerfeld conjecture for this operator, namely, that this operator has finitely many gaps in its spectrum provided a certain special function written as a series satisfies some lower bound. We show that this is indeed the case if the ratio of the period and the width of strip is less than a certain explicit number, which is approximately equal to 0.10121. We also find explicitly the point in the spectrum, above which there is no internal gaps. We then…
We address the Laplacian on a perturbed periodic graph which might not be a periodic graph. We present a class of perturbed graphs for which the essential spectra of the Laplacians are stable even when the graphs are perturbed by adding and removing infinitely many vertices and edges. Using this result, we demonstrate how to determine the spectra of cone-like graphs, the upper-half plane, and graphs obtained from $\mathbb{Z}^2$ by randomly adding vertices.
We investigate trace formulas for one-dimensional Schroedinger operators which are trace class perturbations of quasi-periodic finite-gap operators using Krein's spectral shift theory. In particular, we establish the conserved quantities for the solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy in this class and relate them to the reflection coefficients via Abelian integrals on the underlying hyperelliptic Riemann surface.
The problem of absence of eigenvalues imbedded into the continuous spectrum is considered for a Schrödinger operator with a periodic potential perturbed by a sufficiently fast decaying ``impurity'' potential. Results of this type have previously been known for the one-dimensional case only. Absence of embedded eigenvalues is shown in dimensions two and three if the corresponding Fermi surface is irreducible modulo natural symmetries. It is conjectured that all periodic potentials satisfy this condition. Separable periodic potentials satisfy it, and hence in dimensions two and three Schrödinger…
Let $H_0$ be a periodic operator on $\R^+$(or periodic Jacobi operator on $\N$). It is known that the absolutely continuous spectrum of $H_0$ is consisted of spectral bands $\cup[α_l,β_l]$. Under the assumption that $\limsup_{x\to \infty} x|V(x)|<\infty$ ($\limsup_{n\to \infty} n|V(n)|<\infty$), the asymptotical behaviour of embedded eigenvalues approaching to the spectral boundary is established.
We consider a non-compact Riemannian periodic manifold such that the corresponding Laplacian has a spectral gap. By continuously perturbing the periodic metric locally we can prove the existence of eigenvalues in a gap. A lower bound on the number of eigenvalue branches crossing a fixed level is established in terms of a discrete eigenvalue problem. Furthermore, we discuss examples of perturbations leading to infinitely many eigenvalue branches coming from above resp. finitely many branches coming from below.
We consider 2- and 3-dimensional Schrödinger or generalized Schrödinger-Pauli operators with the non-degenerating magnetic field in the open domain under certain non-degeneracy assumptions we derive pointwise spectral asymptotics. We also consider asymptotics of some related expressions (see below). For all asymptotics loops rather than periodic trajectories play important role.
For certain one-dimensional Schroedinger-type difference operators with a complex potential, a "complete" set of exponentially decaying eigenvectors is shown to exist. "Completeness" entails that the parameters involved are obtained through evaluation of analytic functions on a Riemann surface.
We are interested in diagonal perturbations of a periodic Jacobi operator that introduce embedded eigenvalues in its essential spectrum. Embedding multiple points in the essential spectrum has been known to be difficult, given that eigenvalues are destroyed easily by small perturbations. However, given a finite or countably infinite set of points within an absolutely continuous band of the original periodic operator (subject only to a very weak non-resonance condition) we are able to construct a diagonal perturbation that preserves the essential spectrum and places eigenvalues in all of those …
We consider the Schroedinger operator L_α on the half-line with a periodic background potential and the Wigner-von Neumann potential of Coulomb type: csin(2ωx+d)/(x+1). It is known that the continuous spectrum of the operator L_α has the same band-gap structure as the free periodic operator, whereas in each band of the absolutely continuous spectrum there exist two points (so-called critical or resonance) where the operator L_α has a subordinate solution, which can be either an eigenvalue or a `half-bound' state. The phenomenon of an embedded eigenvalue is unstable under the change of the boun…
We show coincidence of the two definitions of the integrated density of states (IDS) for a class of relativistic Schroedinger operators with magnetic fields and scalar potentials, the first one relying on the eigenvalue counting function of operators induced on open bounded sets with Dirichlet boundary conditions, the other one involving the spectral projections of the operator defined on the entire space. In this way one generalizes previous results for non-relativistic operators. The proofs needs the magnetic pseudodifferential calculus, as well as a Feynman-Kac-Ito formula for Levy processe…
Yes it does ! Indeed an extended version of Levinson's theorem is proposed for a system involving complex eigenvalues. The perturbed system corresponds to a realization of the Schroedinger operator with inverse square potential on the half-line, while the Dirichlet Laplacian on the half-line is chosen for the reference system. The resulting relation is an equality between the number of eigenvalues of the perturbed system and the winding number of the scattering system together with additional operators living at 0-energy and at infinite energy.
We consider Laplacians on $\Z^2$-periodic discrete graphs. The following results are obtained: 1) The Floquet-Bloch decomposition is constructed and basic properties are derived. 2) The estimates of the Lebesgue measure of the spectrum in terms of geometric parameters of the graph are obtained. 3) The spectrum of the Laplacian is described, when the so-called fundamental graph consists of one or two vertices and any number of edges. 4) We consider the hexagonal lattice perturbed by adding one edge to the fundamental graph. There exist two cases: a) if the perturbed hexagonal lattice is biparti…
We study spectra of alloy-type random Schrödinger operators on metric graphs. For finite edge subsets of general graphs we prove a Wegner estimate which is linear in the volume (i.e. the number of edges) and the length of the considered energy interval. The single site potential of the alloy-type model needs to have fixed sign, but the considered metric graph does not need to have a periodic structure. The second result we obtain is an exhaustion construction of the integrated density of states for ergodic random Schrödinger operators on metric graphs with a $\ZZ^ν$-structure. For certain mode…
We consider the homogenization of a singularly perturbed self-adjoint fourth order elliptic equation with locally periodic coefficients, stated in a bounded domain. We impose Dirichlet boundary conditions on the boundary of the domain. The presence of large parameters in the lower order terms and the dependence of the coefficients on the slow variable give rise to the effect of localization of the eigenfunctions. We show that the $j$th eigenfunction can be approximated by a rescaled function that is constructed in terms of the $j$th eigenfunction of fourth or second order order effective opera…
A periodic one-dimensional Schroedinger operator is called semifinite-gap if every second gap in its spectrum is eventually closed. We construct explicit examples of semifinite-gap Schroedinger operators in trigonometric functions by applying Darboux transformations to the Whittaker-Hill equation. We give a criterion of the regularity of the corresponding potentials and investigate the spectral properties of the new operators.
In the space $L_2(R^d)$ we consider the Schrödinger operator $H_γ=-Δ+ V(x)\cdot+γW(x)\cdot$, where $V(x)=V(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_d)$ is a periodic function with respect to all the variables, $γ$ is a small real coupling constant and the perturbation $W(x)$ tends to zero sufficiently fast as $|x|\rightarrow\infty$. We study so called virtual bound levels of the operator $H_γ$, that is those eigenvalues of $H_γ$ which are born at the moment $γ=0$ in a gap $(λ_-,\,λ_+)$ of the spectrum of the unperturbed operator $H_0=-Δ+ V(x)\cdot$ from an edge of this gap while $γ$ increases or decreases. For a defin…
We consider a simple modification of the 1D-Laplacian where non-mixed interface conditions occur at the boundaries of a finite interval. It has recently been shown that Schrödinger operators having this form allow a new approach to the transverse quantum transport through resonant heterostructures. In this perspective, it is important to control the deformations effects introduced on the spectrum and on the time propagator by this class of non-selfadjont perturbations. In order to obtain uniform-in-time estimates of the perturbed semigroup, our strategy consists in constructing stationary wave…
We study Dirichlet Laplacian in a screw-shaped region, i.e. a straight twisted tube of a non-circular cross section. It is shown that a local perturbation which consists of "slowing down" the twisting in the mean gives rise to a non-empty discrete spectrum.
We consider the problem of embedding eigenvalues into the essential spectrum of periodic Jacobi operators, using an oscillating, decreasing potential. To do this we employ a geometric method, previously used to embed eigenvalues into the essential spectrum of the discrete Schrödinger operator. For periodic Jacobi operators we relax the rational dependence conditions on the values of the quasi-momenta from this previous work. We then explore conditions that permit not just the existence of infinitely many subordinate solutions to the formal spectral equation but also the embedding of infinitely…
We give an example of a scalar second order differential operator in the plane with double periodic coefficients and describe its modification, which causes an additional spectral band in the essential spectrum. The modified operator is obtained by applying to the coefficients a mirror reflection with respect to a vertical or horizontal line. This change gives rise to Rayleigh type waves localized near the line. The results are proven using asymptotic analysis, and they are based on high contrast of the coefficient functions.
For an arbitrary Hermitian period-$T$ Jacobi operator, we assume a perturbation by a Wigner-von Neumann type potential to devise subordinate solutions to the formal spectral equation for a (possibly infinite) real set, $S$, of the spectral parameter. We employ discrete Levinson type techniques to achieve this, which allow the analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of the solution. This enables us to construct infinitely many spectral singularities on the absolutely continuous spectrum of the periodic Jacobi operator, which are stable with respect to an $l^1$-perturbation. An analogue of the quan…
We consider the Landau Hamiltonian (i.e. the 2D Schroedinger operator with constant magnetic field) perturbed by an electric potential V which decays sufficiently fast at infinity. The spectrum of the perturbed Hamiltonian consists of clusters of eigenvalues which accumulate to the Landau levels. Applying a suitable version of the anti-Wick quantization, we investigate the asymptotic distribution of the eigenvalues within a given cluster as the number of the cluster tends to infinity. We obtain an explicit description of the asymptotic density of the eigenvalues in terms of the Radon transform…
Finiteness of the point spectrum of linear operators acting in a Banach space is investigated from point of view of perturbation theory. In the first part of the paper we present an abstract result based on analytical continuation of the resolvent function through continuous spectrum. In the second part, the abstract result is applied to differential operators which can be represented as a differential operator with periodic coefficients perturbed by an arbitrary subordinated differential operator.
We consider the Schrödinger operator $\mathcal L_α$ on the half-line with a periodic background potential and a perturbation which consists of two parts: a summable potential and the slowly decaying Wigner--von Neumann potential $\frac{c\sin(2ωx+δ)}{x^γ}$, where $γ\in(\frac12,1)$. The continuous spectrum of this operator has the same band-gap structure as the continuous spectrum of the unperturbed periodic operator. In every band there exist two points, called critical, where the eigenfunction equation has square summable solutions. Every critical point $ν_{cr}$ is an eigenvalue of the operato…
Qualitative and spectral properties of the form-sums S_{\pm}(V):=D_{\pm}^{2m}\dotplus V(x),\quad m\in \mathbb{N}, in the Hilbert space $L_{2}(0,1)$ are studied. Here the periodic $(D_{+})$ and the semiperiodic $(D_{-})$ differential operators are $D_{\pm}: u\mapsto -i u'$, and $V(x)$ is a 1-periodic complex-valued distribution in the Sobolev spaces $H_{per}^{-mα}$, $α\in [0,1]$.
A perturbation decaying to 0 at infinity and not too irregular at 0 introduces at most a discrete set of eigenvalues into the spectral gaps of a one-dimensional Dirac operator on the half-line. We show that the number of these eigenvalues in a compact subset of a gap in the essential spectrum is given by a quasi-semiclassical asymptotic formula in the slow-decay limit, which for power-decaying perturbations is equivalent to the large-coupling limit. This asymptotic behaviour elucidates the origin of the dense point spectrum observed in spherically symmetric, radially periodic three-dimensional…
