Abdênago Barros, Juscelino Silva, Paulo Sousa
The aim of this paper is to present a complete description of all rotational linear Weingarten surface into the Euclidean sphere S3. These surfaces are characterized by a linear relation aH+bK=c, where H and K stand for their mean and Gaussian curvatures, respectively, whereas a; b and c are real constants.
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We prove that any uniformly elliptic Weingarten (topological) sphere in S2xR must be congruent to the canonical example associated to the Weingarten equation. The result is obtained by proving that rotational uniformly elliptic Weingarten surfaces in S2xR have bounded second fundamental form together with a Hopf type result by J. A. Gálvez and P. Mira.
In this paper, we study the rotational surfaces in the isotropic 3-space I^3. satisfying Weingarten conditions in terms of the relative curvature K (analogue of the Gaussian curvature) and the isotropic mean curvature H. In particular, we classify such surfaces of linear Weingarten type in I^3.
In this paper, we consider a class of prescribed Weingarten curvature equations. Under some sufficient condition, we obtain an existence result by the standard degree theory based on the a prior estimates for the solutions to the prescribed Weingarten curvature equations.
In this paper, we study meridian surfaces of Weingarten type in Euclidean 4-space E^4. We give the neccessary and sufficient conditions for a meridian surface in E^4 to become Weingarten type.
We prove that any strongly regular Weingarten surface in Euclidean space carries locally geometric principal parameters. The basic theorem states that any strongly regular Weingarten surface is determined up to a motion by its structural functions and the normal curvature function satisfying a geometric differential equation. We apply these results to the special Weingarten surfaces: minimal surfaces, surfaces of constant mean curvature and surfaces of constant Gauss curvature.
In this article, we study spacelike and timelike rotational surfaces in a 3--dimensional de Sitter space $\mathbb{S}^3_1$ which are the orbit of a regular curve under the action of the orthogonal transformation of 4--dimensional Minkowski space $\mathbb{E}^4_1$ leaving a spacelike, a timelike or a degenerate plane pointwise fixed. We determine the profile curve of such Weingarten rotational surfaces parameterized by the principal curvature. Then, we classify spacelike and timelike Weingarten rotational surface in $\mathbb{S}^3_1$ with the principal curvatures $κ$ and $λ$ satisfying $κ=aλ+b$ or…
In this paper we finish the classification of rotational special Weingarten surfaces in S^2 x R and H^2 x R; i.e. rotational surfaces in S^2 x R and H^2 x R whose mean curvature h and extrinsic curvature K_e satisfy h=f(h^2-K_e), for some function f in C^1([0,+infty)) such that 4x(f'(x))^2<1 for any x>=0.
We prove that the natural principal parameters on a given Weingarten surface are also natural principal parameters for the parallel surfaces of the given one. As a consequence of this result we obtain that the natural PDE of any Weingarten surface is the natural PDE of its parallel surfaces. We show that the linear fractional Weingarten surfaces are exactly the surfaces satisfying a linear relation between their three curvatures. Our main result is classification of the natural PDE's of Weingarten surfaces with linear relation between their curvatures.
In this paper we review some author's results about Weingarten surfaces in Euclidean space $\r^3$ and hyperbolic space $\h^3$. We stress here in the search of examples of linear Weingarten surfaces that satisfy a certain geometric property. First, we consider Weingarten surfaces in $\r^3$ that are foliated by circles, proving that the surface is rotational, a Riemann example or a generalized cone. Next we classify rotational surfaces in $\r^3$ of hyperbolic type showing that there exist surfaces that are complete. Finally, we study linear Weingarten surfaces in $\h^3$ that are invariant by a g…
In this paper we will classify those translation surfaces in E3 involving polynomials which are Weingarten surfaces. We analyze Weingarten translation surfaces satisfying 2aH + bK = 0. We study also other types of translation surfaces, involving power functions, for which the second Gaussian curvature vanishes.
Rotational Weingarten surfaces in Lorentz-Minkowski space
本文提出了一种基于几何线动量的研究方法，用于分类洛伦兹-闵可夫斯基空间中的旋转魏因加滕表面，并引入了非退化旋转二次曲面的表征。
Weingarten surfaces are those whose principal curvatures satisfy a functional relation, whose set of solutions is called the curvature diagram or the W-diagram of the surface. Making use of the notion of geometric linear momentum of a plane curve, we propose a new approach to the study of rotational Weingarten surfaces in Euclidean 3-space. Our contribution consists of reducing any type of Weingarten condition on a rotational surface to a first order differential equation on the momentum of the generatrix curve. In this line, we provide two new classification results involving a cubic and an h…
In this article we fully classify regular tubular surfaces in Euclidean, Lorentzian and hyperbolic 3-spaces whose Gaussian and mean curvatures $K$ and $H$ verify a polynomial relation. More precisely, we determine the set $S(Q)$ of all regular tubular surfaces whose curvatures verify a given polynomial relation $Q(K,H)=0$, and the set $Q(S)$ of all polynomial relations vanished by the curvatures of a given tubular surface $S$.
A linear Weingarten surface in Euclidean space ${\bf R}^3$ is a surface whose mean curvature $H$ and Gaussian curvature $K$ satisfy a relation of the form $aH+bK=c$, where $a,b,c\in {\bf R}$. Such a surface is said to be hyperbolic when $a^2+4bc<0$. In this paper we classify all rotational linear Weingarten surfaces of hyperbolic type. As a consequence, we obtain a family of complete hyperbolic linear Weingarten surfaces in ${\bf R}^3$ that consists into periodic surfaces with self-intersections.
We demonstrate that every non-tubular channel linear Weingarten surface in Euclidean space is a surface of revolution, hence parallel to a catenoid or a rotational surface of non-zero constant Gauss curvature. We provide explicit parametrizations and deduce existence of complete hyperbolic linear Weingarten surfaces.
In this paper, we show that an embedded Weingarten surface in S^3 of genus 1 must be rotationally symmetric, provided that certain structure conditions are satisfied. The argument involves an adaptation of our proof of Lawson's Conjecture for minimal tori.
We show by phase space analysis that there are exactly 17 possible qualitative behaviors for a rotational surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$ that satisfies an arbitrary elliptic Weingarten equation $W(κ_1,κ_2)=0$, and study the singularities of such examples. As global applications of this classification, we prove a sharp halfspace theorem for general elliptic Weingarten equations of finite order, and a classification of peaked elliptic Weingarten spheres with at most two singularities. In the case that $W$ is not elliptic, we give a negative answer to a question by Yau regarding the uniqueness of rota…
In \cite{WeiWu22-3} (J.Geom.Anal.32, 199(2022)), we classified HCMU surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space as Weingarten surfaces by holomorphic functions. In this paper, using a totally different method from \cite{WeiWu22-3}, we will classify HCMU surfaces in 3-dimensional space forms as Weingarten surfaces. Moreover we will give a criteria of a Weingarten surface which is also an HCMU surface.
Lie minimal Weingarten surfaces
本文研究黎曼空间形式中 Lie 球面不变能量的临界点 Lie 极小曲面，通过 Euler-Lagrange 方程刻画其主曲率，并证明常平均曲率曲面及平坦外围空间中满足仿射关系的曲面和椭圆线性 Weingarten 曲面均具有旋转性。
Let $M$ be a simply connected homogeneous three-manifold with isometry group of dimension $4$, and let $Σ$ be any compact surface of genus zero immersed in $M$ whose mean, extrinsic and Gauss curvatures satisfy a smooth elliptic relation $Φ(H,K_e,K)=0$. In this paper we prove that $Σ$ is a sphere of revolution, provided that the unique inextendible rotational surface $S$ in $M$ that satisfies this equation and touches its rotation axis orthogonally has bounded second fundamental form. In particular, we prove that: (i) any elliptic Weingarten sphere immersed in $\mathbb{H}^2\times \mathbb{R}$ i…
In this paper we study surfaces in Euclidean 3-space foliated by pieces of circles and that satisfy a Weingarten condition of type $a H+b K=c$, where $a,b$ and $c$ are constant and $H$ and $K$ denote the mean curvature and the Gauss curvature respectively. We prove that a such surface must be a surface of revolution, a Riemann minimal surface or a generalized cone.
We give a relatively simple proof that a translation surface in Euclidean space that satisfies a relation of type $aH+bK=c$, for some real numbers $a,b,c$, where $H$ and $K$ are the mean curvature and the Gauss curvature of the surface, respectively, must have $a=0$ or $b=0$, and thus, $K$ is constant or $H$ is constant. Our method of proof extends to the Lorentzian ambient space.
Rotational cmc surfaces in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions
本文利用雅可比椭圆函数和Lie球面几何方法，对非欧空间形式中的旋转常平均曲率曲面进行分类，并给出双曲空间中旋转常调和平均曲率曲面的显式参数化，补全了管道线性Weingarten曲面分类的最后空白。
Quadric surfaces of revolution in the 3-sphere as cubic Weingarten surfaces
本文研究了三维球面中旋转二次曲面的分类与特征，揭示其作为Weingarten曲面的几何普遍性。
In this article, we study complete surfaces $Σ$, isometrically immersed in the product space $\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{R}$ having positive extrinsic curvature $K_e$. Let $K_i$ denote the intrinsic curvature of $Σ$. Assume that the equation $aK_i+bK_e=c$ holds for some real constants $a\neq0$, $b>0$ and $c$. The main result of this article state that when such a surface is a topological sphere it is rotational.
In this paper we study surfaces in Euclidean 3-space that satisfy a Weingarten condition of linear type as $κ_1=m κ_2 +n$, where $m$ and $n$ are real numbers and $κ_1$ and $κ_2$ denote the principal curvatures at each point of the surface. We investigate the possible existence of such surfaces parametrized by a uniparametric family of circles. Besides the surfaces of revolution, we prove that not exist more except the case $(m,n)=(-1,0)$, that is, if the surface is one of the classical examples of minimal surfaces discovered by Riemann.
In this study, we consider canal surfaces according to parallel transport frame in Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^{4}$. The curvature properties of these surfaces are investigated with respect to $k_{1}$, $k_{2}$ and $k_{3}$ which are principal curvature functions according to parallel transport frame. We also give an example of canal surfaces in $\mathbb{E}^{4}.$ Further, we point out that if spine curve $γ$ is a straight line, then $M$ is a Weingarten canal surface and also $M$ is a linear Weingarten tube surface. Finally, the visualization of the projections of canal surfaces in $\mathbb{E}^{3…
We show that compact embedded starshaped $r$-convex hypersurfaces of certain warped products satisfying $H_r=aH+b$ with $a\geqslant 0$, $b>0$, where $H$ and $H_r$ are respectively the mean curvature and $r$-th mean curvature is a slice. In the case of space forms, we show that without the assumption of starshapedness, such Weingarten hypersurfaces are geodesic spheres. Finally, we prove that, in the case of space forms, if $Hr-aH-b$ is close to $0$ then the hypersurface is close to geodesic sphere for the Hausdorff distance. We also prove an anisotropic version of this stability result in the …
Given $a,b\in\mathbb{R}$ and $Φ\in C^1(\mathbb{S}^2)$, we study immersed oriented surfaces $Σ$ in the Euclidean 3-space $\mathbb{R}^3$ whose mean curvature $H$ and Gauss curvature $K$ satisfy $2aH+bK=Φ(N)$, where $N:Σ\rightarrow\mathbb{S}^2$ is the Gauss map. This theory widely generalize some of paramount importance such as the ones constant mean and Gauss curvature surfaces, linear Weingarten surfaces and self-translating solitons of the mean curvature flow. Under mild assumptions on the prescribed function $Φ$, we exhibit a classification result for rotational surfaces in the case that the …
Properties and Transformations of Weingarten Surfaces
本文研究E3中旋转对称Weingarten曲面，分析脐点斜率限制、SL2(R)几何变换及Lagrangian变分表述，并证明半二次型曲面上作用的传递性与稳定性。
In this work we study surfaces in radial conformally flat spaces. We characterize surfaces of rotation with constant Gaussian and Extrinsic curvature in these radial 3-spaces. We prove that all the spheres in the conformal 3-space have constant Gaussian curvature $K=1$ if, and only if, the conformal factor is special. In this special case we study geometric properties of this ambient 3-space, and as an application we prove that it is isometric to the space ${\mathbb{S}}^2\times {\mathbb{R}}$, so we consider it as the {\em Radial Model} of ${\mathbb{S}}^2\times {\mathbb{R}}$. We obtain two clas…
We introduce a new class of surfaces in Euclidean $3$-space, called surfaces of osculating circles, using the concept of osculating circle of a regular curve. These surfaces contain a uniparametric family of planar lines of curvature. In this paper, we classify those ones that are canal surfaces and Weingarten surfaces.
In the work \cite{Laredo} the author shows that every hypersurface in Euclidean space is locally associated to the unit sphere by a sphere congruence, whose radius function $R$ is a geometric invariant of hypersurface. In this paper we define for any surface $Σ$ its spherical mean curvature $H_S$ which depends on principal curvatures of $Σ$ and the radius function $R$. Then we consider two classes of surfaces: the ones with $H_S = 0$, called $H_1$-surfaces, and the surfaces with spherical mean curvature of harmonic type, named $H_2$-surfaces. We provide for each these classes a Weierstrass-typ…
In this paper, we prove the existence of hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space with prescribed boundary and whose k-th Weingarten curvature equals a given function that depends on the normal of the hypersurface. The proof is based on the solvability of a fully nonlinear elliptic PDE. The required a priori estimates are established under the natural assumptions that the prescribed boundary is strictly convex and the prescribed function satisfies a Serrin type condition.
Some structure theorems for Weingarten surfaces
研究边界为凸平面曲线的Weingarten曲面，给出曲面继承边界对称性的充分条件，并推广常平均曲率曲面的相关结果。
We prove that any complete, uniformly elliptic Weingarten surface in Euclidean $3$-space whose Gauss map image omits an open hemisphere is a cylinder or a plane. This generalizes a classical theorem by Hoffman, Osserman and Schoen for constant mean curvature surfaces. In particular, this proves that planes are the only complete, uniformly elliptic Weingarten multigraphs. We also show that this result holds for a large class of non-uniformly elliptic Weingarten equations. In particular, this solves in the affirmative the Bernstein problem for entire graphs for that class of elliptic equations. …
Umbilic slopes and cubic Weingarten surfaces
本文研究脐斜率并分类满足κ₂=cκ₁³的紧致浸入曲面，证明其每个连通分量均为旋转椭球，方法涉及齐次Hessian恒等式、唯一延拓及四阶增长估计。
Elliptic Weingarten surfaces of minimal type in $\mathbb{R} \times_{h} \mathbb{R}$
本文在径向对称扭曲乘积 $\mathbb{R} \times_h \mathbb{R}$ 中研究满足 $H=f(H^2-K)$ 的极小类型椭圆 Weingarten 曲面，证明旋转不变例子的存在唯一性并分析生成曲线。
Elliptic special Weingarten surfaces of minimal type in $\mathbb{R}^3$ of finite total curvature
研究\(\mathbb{R}^3\)中有限全曲率的完备连通嵌入极小类型椭圆特殊Weingarten曲面，利用渐近理论推导公式，用Alexandrov反射方法证明定理，确定其旋转对称性，回答相关问题，指出特定条件下此类曲面仅为平面和特殊悬链面。
We investigate some characteristic properties of specific Weingarten surfaces in the three-dimensional Euclidean space using the nets of the lines of curvature resp. the asymptotic lines on both central surfaces of them.
In the present paper, a new type of ruled surfaces called osculating-type (OT)-ruled surface is introduced and studied. First, a new orthonormal frame is defined for OT-ruled surfaces. The Gaussian and the mean curvatures of these surfaces are obtained and the conditions for an OT-surface to be flat or minimal are given. Moreover, the Weingarten map of an OT-ruled surface is obtained and the normal curvature, the geodesic curvature and the geodesic torsion of any curve lying on surface are obtained. Finally, some examples related to helices and slant helices are introduced.
We define general rotational surfaces of elliptic and hyperbolic type in the pseudo-Euclidean 4-space with neutral metric which are analogous to the general rotational surfaces of C. Moore in the Euclidean 4-space. We study Lorentz general rotational surfaces with plane meridian curves and give the complete classification of minimal general rotational surfaces of elliptic and hyperbolic type, general rotational surfaces with parallel normalized mean curvature vector field, flat general rotational surfaces, and general rotational surfaces with flat normal connection.
For a two-dimensional surface in the four-dimensional Euclidean space we introduce an invariant linear map of Weingarten type in the tangent space of the surface, which generates two invariants k and kappa. The condition k = kappa = 0 characterizes the surfaces consisting of flat points. The minimal surfaces are characterized by the equality kappa^2=k. The class of the surfaces with flat normal connection is characterized by the condition kappa = 0. For the surfaces of general type we obtain a geometrically determined orthonormal frame field at each point and derive Frenet-type derivative form…
In this paper, we study rotational surfaces of elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic type with pointwise 1-type Gauss map which have spacelike profile curve in four dimensional pseudo Euclidean space E4-2 and obtain some characterizations for these rotational surfaces to have pointwise 1-type Gauss map.
In the four-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space with neutral metric there are three types of rotational surfaces with two-dimensional axis - rotational surfaces of elliptic, hyperbolic or parabolic type. A surface whose mean curvature vector field is lightlike is said to be quasi-minimal. In this paper we classify all quasi-minimal rotational surfaces of elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic type, respectively.
In this work, we study a class of rotational surfaces in the pseudo-Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}_2^4$ whose profile curves lie in two-dimensional planes. We solve the differential equation that characterizes the rotational surfaces with zero mean curvature to determine the profile curves of such rotational surfaces. Then, we give some explicit parametrization of maximal rotational surfaces and the timelike surfaces with zero mean curvature in $\mathbb{E}_2^4$.
In this paper, we study general rotational surfaces in the 4- dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space E4-2 and obtain a characterization of flat general rotation surfaces with pointwise 1-type Gauss map in E4-2 and give an example of such surfaces.
Biharmonic rotational surfaces in the four-dimensional Euclidean space are minimal
本文证明四维欧氏空间中任何双调和简单旋转曲面都是极小曲面，通过将双调和方程转化为普通微分方程组并排除非极小分支，部分验证了陈猜想。
We develop an invariant local theory of Lorentz surfaces in pseudo-Euclidean 4-space by use of a linear map of Weingarten type. We find a geometrically determined moving frame field at each point of the surface and obtain a system of geometric functions. We prove a fundamental existence and uniqueness theorem in terms of these functions. On any Lorentz surface with parallel normalized mean curvature vector field we introduce special geometric (canonical) parameters and prove that any such surface is determined up to a rigid motion by three invariant functions satisfying three natural partial d…
The Research on Rotational Surfaces in pseudo Euclidean 4-space with index 2
该研究在4维半欧氏空间中，通过曲线与矩阵定义双曲、椭圆型旋转曲面，构造对应子群的两类参数旋转矩阵并生成旋转曲面，丰富了伪欧氏空间旋转曲面的研究内容。
In this work, we study some classes of rotational surfaces in the pseudo-Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^4_t$ with profile curves lying in 2-dimensional planes. First, we determine all such surfaces in the Minkowski 4-space $\mathbb{E}^4_1$ with pointwise 1-type Gauss map of the first kind and second kind. Then, we obtain rotational surfaces in $\mathbb{E}^4_2$ with zero mean curvature and having pointwise 1--type Gauss map of second kind.
We give the classification of constant mean curvature rotational surfaces of elliptic, hyperbolic, and parabolic type in the four-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space with neutral metric.
We prove that any piece of a rotational hypersurface with prescribed mean curvature function in a Euclidean space can be uniquely extended infinitely, which generalizes the results by Euler and Delaunay for surfaces of revolution with constant mean curvautre. Next, we prove the same kind of theorem for generalized rotational hypersurfaces of O(l+1) x O(m+1)-type. The key lemmas in this paper show the existence of solutions for singular initial value problems which arise from the analysis of ordinary differential equations of generating curves of those hypersurfaces.
Submanifolds of coordinate finite-type were introduced in HV1. A submanifold of a Euclidean space is called a coordinate finite-type submanifold if its coordinate functions are eigenfunctions of Δ. In the present study we consider coordinate finite-type surfaces in E^4. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for generalized rotation surfaces in E^4 to become coordinate finite-type. We also give some special examples.
We classify all rotational surfaces in Euclidean space whose principal curvatures $κ_1$ and $κ_2$ satisfy the linear relation $κ_1=aκ_2+b$, where $a$ and $b$ are two constants. We give a variational characterization of these surfaces in terms of its generating curve. As a consequence of our classification, we find closed (embedded and not embedded) surfaces and periodic (embedded and not embedded) surfaces with a geometric behaviour similar to Delaunay surfaces.
In the 1950's Hopf gave examples of non-round convex 2-spheres in Euclidean 3-space with rotational symmetry that satisfy a linear relationship between their principal curvatures. In this paper we investigate conditions under which evolving a smooth rotationally symmetric sphere by a linear combination of its radii of curvature yields a Hopf sphere. When the coefficients of the flow have certain integer values, the fate of an initial sphere is entirely determined by the local geometry of its isolated umbilic points. A surprising variety of behaviours is uncovered: convergence to round spheres …
Characterizations of Loxodromes on Rotational Surfaces in Euclidean 3--Space
本文研究了欧几里得3空间中旋转曲面上洛克斯多形的几何特性，探讨了其在不同曲面下的参数化、曲率与挠率计算，并揭示了洛克斯多形在特定条件下的渐近曲线特性。
In this work, we consider spacelike surfaces in Minkowski space $\hbox{\bf E}%_{1}^{3}$ that satisfy a linear Weingarten condition of type $κ_{1}=mκ_{2}+n$, where $m$ and $n$ are constant and $κ_{1}$ and $κ_{2}$ denote the principal curvatures at each point of the surface. We study the family of surfaces foliated by a uniparametric family of circles in parallel planes. We prove that the surface must be rotational or the surface is part of the family of Riemann examples of maximal surfaces ($m=-1$, $n=0$). Finally, we consider the class of rotational surfaces for the case $n=0$, obtaining a fir…
A derivation of first variation formulas from the strain-displacement relations in thin shell theory
本文利用薄壳理论中的应变-位移关系推导三维欧氏空间中曲面的一阶变分公式，聚焦以线性 Weingarten 曲面为驻点的目标函数，为建筑曲面设计提供无张量分析的基础跨学科论述。
In this paper, we deal with the linear Weingarten factorable surfaces in the isotropic 3-space I^{3} satisfying the relation aK+bH=c, where K is the relative curvature and H the isotropic mean curvature, a,b,cR. We obtain a complete classification for such surfaces in I^{3}. As a further study, we classify all graph surfaces in I^{3} satisfying the relation K=H^{2}, which is the equality case of the famous Euler inequality for surfaces in a Euclidean space.
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