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arXiv 1012.4114quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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横场XY自旋链中的全局几何纠缠:有限和无限系统

Global geometric entanglement in transverse-field XY spin chains: finite and infinite systems

Tzu-Chieh Wei, Smitha Vishveshwara, Paul M. Goldbart

摘要:

利用纠缠的几何度量研究了任意长度量子XY自旋链中的纠缠。从微扰的角度直观地解释了纠缠的产生。精确求解了该模型,并对最低两个能级的能谱进行了测定和分析。在整个相图上获得纠缠,并且其行为可以用于描绘相图中的边界。例如,纠缠的场导数沿着临界线变得奇异。发散的形式被证明是由控制量子相变的普适类决定的。临界附近的纠缠可以通过类似于自由能的标度假设来理解。在相图中,纠缠密度沿所谓的无序线消失,基空间是双简并的,由两个乘积态所张成。研究了最低两态叠加时的纠缠。尽管纠缠的确切值取决于叠加的具体形式,但在热力学极限下,纠缠密度与叠加无关,表明纠缠密度对基态是否自发$Z_2$对称破缺不敏感.我们还从两个不同的角度研究了临界点纠缠的有限尺寸标度:(1)纠缠密度对系统尺寸的场导数的最大值,用于由纠缠的行为推导Ising类的关联长度指数;(2)对纠缠密度与系统尺寸的关系进行修正,修正系数具有普适性(但对两个最低态有不同的值)。

英文摘要:

The entanglement in quantum XY spin chains of arbitrary length is investigated via the geometric (measure of) entanglement. The emergence of entanglement is explained intuitively from the perspective of perturbations. The model is solved exactly and the energy spectrum is determined and analyzed in particular for the lowest two levels. The entanglement is obtained over the entire phase diagram, and its behavior can be used to delineate the boundaries in the phase diagram. For example, the field-derivative of the entanglement becomes singular along the critical line. The form of the divergence turns out to be dictated by the universality class controlling the quantum phase transition. The entanglement near criticality can be understood via a scaling hypothesis, analogous to that for free energies. The entanglement density vanishes along the so-called disorder line in the phase diagram, the ground space is doubly degenerate and spanned by two product states. The entanglement for the superposition of the lowest two states is also investigated. Even though the exact value of the entanglement depends on the specific form of superposition, in the thermodynamic limit the entanglement density is independent of the superposition, showing that the entanglement density is insensitive to whether the ground state is chosen to be the spontaneously $Z_2$ symmetry broken one or not. The finite-size scaling of entanglement at critical points is also investigated from two different view points: (1) the maximum in the field-derivative of the entanglement density vs. the system size, used to deduce the correlation length exponent for the Ising class by the behavior of entanglement; (2) the correction to the entanglement density vs. the system size, with the coefficient being universal (but with different values for the two lowest states).

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