The main result of this note is a Giambelli formula for the Peterson Schubert classes in the $S^1$-equivariant cohomology ring of a type $A$ Peterson variety. Our results depend on the Monk formula for the equivariant structure constants for the Peterson Schubert classes derived by Harada and Tymoczko. In addition, we give proofs of two facts observed by H. Naruse: firstly, that some constants which appear in the multiplicative structure of the $S^1$-equivariant cohomology of Peterson varieties are Stirling numbers of the second kind, and secondly, that the Peterson Schubert classes satisfy a stability property in a sense analogous to the stability of the classical equivariant Schubert classes in the $T$-equivariant cohomology of the flag variety.
We use Young's raising operators to introduce and study double eta polynomials, which are an even orthogonal analogue of Wilson's double theta polynomials. Our double eta polynomials give Giambelli formulas which represent the equivariant Schubert classes in the torus-equivariant cohomology ring of even orthogonal Grassmannians, and specialize to the single eta polynomials of Buch, Kresch, and the author.
We find presentations by generators and relations for the equivariant quantum cohomology of the Grassmannian. For these presentations, we also find determinantal formulae for the equivariant quantum Schubert classes. To prove this, we use the theory of factorial Schur functions and a characterization of the equivariant quantum cohomology ring.
We use Young's raising operators to introduce and study double theta polynomials, which specialize to both the theta polynomials of Buch, Kresch, and Tamvakis, and to double (or factorial) Schur S-polynomials and Q-polynomials. These double theta polynomials give Giambelli formulas which represent the equivariant Schubert classes in the torus-equivariant cohomology ring of symplectic Grassmannians, and we employ them to obtain a new presentation of this ring in terms of intrinsic generators and relations.
The main result of the paper is a determinantal formula for the restriction to a torus fixed point of the equivariant class of a Schubert subvariety in the torus equivariant integral cohomology ring of the Grassmannian. As a corollary, we obtain an equivariant version of the Giambelli formula.
Peterson varieties are a special class of Hessenberg varieties that have been extensively studied e.g. by Peterson, Kostant, and Rietsch, in connection with the quantum cohomology of the flag variety. In this manuscript, we develop a generalized Schubert calculus, and in particular a positive Chevalley-Monk formula, for the ordinary and Borel-equivariant cohomology of the Peterson variety $Y$ in type $A_{n-1}$, with respect to a natural $S^1$-action arising from the standard action of the maximal torus on flag varieties. As far as we know, this is the first example of positive Schubert calculu…
Let $G$ be a classical complex Lie group, $P$ any parabolic subgroup of $G$, and $G/P$ the corresponding partial flag variety. We prove an explicit combinatorial Giambelli formula which expresses an arbitrary Schubert class in the cohomology ring of $G/P$ as a polynomial in certain special Schubert class generators. Our formula extends to one that applies to the torus-equivariant cohomology ring of $G/P$ and to the setting of symplectic and orthogonal degeneracy loci.
Let G be a complex semisimple linear algebraic group and let Pet be the associated Peterson variety in the flag variety G/B. The main theorem of this note gives an efficient presentation of the equivariant cohomology ring H^*_S(Pet) of the Peterson variety as a quotient of a polynomial ring by an ideal J generated by quadratic polynomials, in the spirit of the Borel presentation of the cohomology of the flag variety. Here the group S \cong \mathbb{C}^* is a certain subgroup of a maximal torus T of G. Our description of the ideal J uses the Cartan matrix and is uniform across Lie types. In our …
The main result of this note is an efficient presentation of the $S^1$-equivariant cohomology ring of Peterson varieties (in type $A$) as a quotient of a polynomial ring by an ideal $\mathcal{J}$, in the spirit of the well-known Borel presentation of the cohomology of the flag variety. Our result simplifies previous presentations given by Harada-Tymoczko and Bayegan-Harada. In particular, our result gives an affirmative answer to a conjecture of Bayegan and Harada that the defining ideal $\mathcal{J}$ is generated by quadratics.
We state a precise conjectural isomorphism between localizations of the equivariant quantum K-theory ring of a flag variety and the equivariant K-homology ring of the affine Grassmannian, in particular relating their Schubert bases and structure constants. This generalizes Peterson's isomorphism in (co)homology. We prove a formula for the Pontryagin structure constants in the K-homology ring, and we use it to check our conjecture in few situations.
We establish an equivariant quantum Giambelli formula for partial flag varieties. The answer is given in terms of a specialization of universal double Schubert polynomials. Along the way, we give new proofs of the presentation of the equivariant quantum cohomology ring, as well as Graham-positivity of the structure constants in equivariant quantum Schubert calculus.
Let G be a classical complex Lie group, P any parabolic subgroup of G, and X = G/P the corresponding homogeneous space, which parametrizes (isotropic) partial flags of subspaces of a fixed vector space. In the mid 1990s, Fulton, Pragacz, and Ratajski asked for global formulas which express the cohomology classes of the universal Schubert varieties in flag bundles -- when the space X varies in an algebraic family -- in terms of the Chern classes of the vector bundles involved in their definition. This has applications to the theory of degeneracy loci of vector bundles and is closely related to …
We describe the torus-equivariant cohomology ring of isotropic Grassmannians by using a localization map to the torus fixed points. We present two types of formulas for equivariant Schubert classes of these homogeneous spaces. The first formula involves combinatorial objects which we call ``excited Young diagrams'' and the second one is written in terms of factorial Schur $Q$- or $P$-functions. As an application, we give a Giambelli-type formula for the equivariant Schubert classes. We also give combinatorial and Pfaffian formulas for the multiplicity of a singular point in a Schubert variety.
Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University（北京大学北京国际数学研究中心）；Qiuzhen College, Tsinghua University（清华大学丘成桐学院）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Department of Mathematics, Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学数学系）；Center for combinatorics, Nankai University（南开大学组合数学中心）
Peterson varieties are special nilpotent Hessenberg varieties that have appeared in the study of quantum cohomology, representation theory, and combinatorics. In type $A$, the Peterson variety $Y$ is a subvariety of the complete flag variety $Fl(n; \mathbb C)$, and is invariant under the action of a subgroup $S\cong \mathbb C^*$ of $T$, where $T$ is the standard (noncompact) torus acting on $Fl(n; \mathbb C)$. Using the Peterson Schubert basis introduced by Harada and Tymoczko obtained by restricting a specific set of Schubert classes from $H_T^*(Fl(n; \mathbb C))$ to $H_S^*(Y)$, we describe t…
Patch ideals encode neighbourhoods of a variety in GL_n/B. For Peterson varieties we determine generators for these ideals and show they are complete intersections, and thus Cohen-Macaulay and Gorenstein. Consequently, we combinatorially describe the singular locus of the Peterson variety; give an explicit equivariant K-theory localization formula; and extend some results of [B. Kostant '96] and of D. Peterson to intersections of Peterson varieties with Schubert varieties. We conjecture that the projectivized tangent cones are Cohen-Macaulay, and that their h-polynomials are nonnegative and up…
Let $LG_n$ denote the Lagrangian Grassmannian parametrizing maximal isotropic (Lagrangian) subspaces of a fixed symplectic vector space of dimension $2n.$ For each strict partition $λ=(λ_1,...,λ_k)$ with $λ_1\leq n$ there is a Schubert variety $X(λ).$ Let $T$ denote a maximal torus of the symplectic group acting on $LG_n.$ Consider the $T$-equivariant cohomology of $LG_n$ and the $T$-equivariant fundamental class $σ(λ)$ of $X(λ).$ The main result of the present paper is an explicit formula for the restriction of the class $σ(λ)$ to any torus fixed point. The formula is written in terms of fact…
We describe a relationship between work of Laksov, Gatto, and their collaborators on realizations of (generalized) Schubert calculus of Grassmannians, and the geometric Satake correspondence of Lusztig, Ginzburg, and Mirković and Vilonen. Along the way we obtain new proofs of equivariant Giambelli formulas for the ordinary and orthogonal Grassmannians, as well as a simple derivation of the "rim-hook" rule for computing in the equivariant quantum cohomology of the Grassmannian.
We prove a conjecture of Dale Peterson on positivity in the multiplication in the T-equivariant cohomology of the flag variety. The theorem follows from a more general positivity result about the equivariant cohomology of varieties with actions of a solvable group with finitely many orbits. This more general result is an equivariant version of a theorem of Kumar and Nori.
We show that (equivariant) K-theoretic 3-point Gromov-Witten invariants of genus zero on a Grassmann variety are equal to triple intersections computed in the ordinary (equivariant) K-theory of a two-step flag manifold, thus generalizing an earlier result of Buch, Kresch, and Tamvakis. In the process we show that the Gromov-Witten variety of curves passing through 3 general points is irreducible and rational. Our applications include Pieri and Giambelli formulas for the quantum K-theory ring of a Grassmannian, which determine the multiplication in this ring. Our formula for Gromov-Witten invar…
This text is an introduction to equivariant cohomology, a classical tool for topological transformation groups, and to equivariant intersection theory, a much more recent topic initiated by D. Edidin and W. Graham. It is based on lectures given at Montréal is Summer 1997. Our main aim is to obtain explicit descriptions of cohomology or Chow rings of certain manifolds with group actions which arise in representation theory, e.g. homogeneous spaces and their compactifications. As another appplication of equivariant intersection theory, we obtain simple versions of criteria for smoothness or rati…
We study the torus equivariant Schubert classes of the Grassmannian of non-maximal isotropic subspaces in a symplectic vector space. We prove a formula that expresses each of those classes as a sum of multi Schur-Pfaffians, whose entries are equivariantly modified special Schubert classes. Our result gives a proof to Wilson's conjectural formula, which generalizes the Giambelli formula for the ordinary cohomology proved by Buch-Kresch-Tamvakis, given in terms of Young's raising operators. Furthermore we show that the formula extends to a certain family of Schubert classes of the symplectic par…
This paper has three main goals. First, we set up a general framework to address the problem of constructing module bases for the equivariant cohomology of certain subspaces of GKM spaces. To this end we introduce the notion of a GKM-compatible subspace of an ambient GKM space. We also discuss poset-upper-triangularity, a key combinatorial notion in both GKM theory and more generally in localization theory in equivariant cohomology. With a view toward other applications, we present parts of our setup in a general algebraic and combinatorial framework. Second, motivated by our central problem o…
Let $B$ denote the upper triangular subgroup of $SL_2(C)$, $T$ its diagonal torus and $U$ its unipotent radical. A complex projective variety $Y$ endowed with an algebraic action of $B$ such that the fixed point set $Y^U$ is a single point, is called regular. Associated to any regular $B$-variety $Y$, there is a remarkable affine curve $Z_Y$ with a $T$-action which was studied by the second author. In this note, we show that the coordinate ring of $Z_Y$ is isomorphic with the equivariant cohomology ring $H_T^*(Y)$ with complex coefficients, when $Y$ is smooth or, more generally, is a $B$-stabl…
We study the equivariant oriented cohomology ring $h_T(G/P)$ of partial flag varieties using the moment map approach. We define the right Hecke action on this cohomology ring, and then prove that the respective Bott-Samelson classes in $h_{T}(G/P)$ can be obtained by applying this action to the fundamental class of the identity point, hence generalizing previously known results by Brion, Knutson, Peterson, Tymoczko and others. We then focus on the equivariant oriented cohomology theory corresponding to the 2-parameter Todd genus. We give a new interpretation of Deodhar's construction of the pa…
A driving question in (quantum) cohomology of flag varieties is to find non-recursive, positive combinatorial formulas for expressing the product of two classes in a particularly nice basis, called the Schubert basis. Bertram, Ciocan-Fontanine and Fulton provided a way to compute quantum products of Schubert classes in the Grassmannian of k-planes in complex n-space by doing classical multiplication and then applying a combinatorial rim hook rule which yields the quantum parameter. In this paper, we provide a generalization of this rim hook rule to the setting in which there is also an action …
There are two intriguing statements regarding the quantum cohomology of partial flag varieties. The first one relates quantum cohomology to the affinisation of Lie algebras and the homology of the affine Grassmannian, the second one connects it with the geometry of quiver varieties. The connection with the affine Grassmannian was first discussed in unpublished work of Peterson and subsequently proved by Lam and Shimozono. The second development is based on recent works of Nekrasov, Shatashvili and of Maulik, Okounkov relating the quantum cohomology of Nakajima varieties with integrable systems…
Tangent spaces to Schubert varieties of type A were characterized by Lakshmibai and Seshadri. This result was extended to the other classical types by Lakshmibai. We give a uniform characterization of tangent spaces to Schubert varieties in cominuscule G/P. Our results extend beyond cominuscule G/P; they describe the tangent space to any Schubert variety in G/B at a point xB, where x is a cominuscule Weyl group element in the sense of Peterson. Our results also give partial information about the tangent space to any Schubert variety at any point. Our method is to describe the tangent spaces of…
Let $X$ be a rational homogeneous space and let $QH^*(X)_{loc}^\times$ be the group of invertible elements in the small quantum cohomology ring of $X$ localised in the quantum parameters. We generalise results of arXiv:math/0609796 and realise explicitly the map $π_1({\rm Aut}(X))\to QH^*(X)_{loc}^\times$ described in arXiv:dg-ga/9511011. We even prove that this map is an embedding and realise it in the equivariant quantum cohomology ring $QH^*_T(X)_{loc}^\times$. We give explicit formulas for the product by these elements. The proof relies on a generalisation, to a quotient of the equivariant…
Let G be a simple simply connected complex algebraic group. We give a Lie theoretic construction of a conjectural mirror family associated to a general flag variety G/P, and show that it recovers the Peterson variety presentation for the T-equivariant quantum cohomology rings qH*_T(G/P)_(q) with quantum parameters inverted. For SL_n/B we relate our construction to the mirror family defined by Givental and its T-equivariant analogue due to Joe and Kim.
We construct the Schubert basis of the torus-equivariant K-homology of the affine Grassmannian of a simple algebraic group G, using the K-theoretic NilHecke ring of Kostant and Kumar. This is the K-theoretic analogue of a construction of Peterson in equivariant homology. For the case G = SL_n, the K-homology of the affine Grassmannian is identified with a sub-Hopf algebra of the ring of symmetric functions. The Schubert basis is represented by inhomogeneous symmetric functions, called K-k-Schur functions, whose highest degree term is a k-Schur function. The dual basis in K-cohomology is given …
Let $n$ be a fixed positive integer and $h: \{1,2,...,n\} \rightarrow \{1,2,...,n\}$ a Hessenberg function. The main result of this manuscript is to give a systematic method for producing an explicit presentation by generators and relations of the equivariant and ordinary cohomology rings (with $\mathbb{Q}$ coefficients) of any regular nilpotent Hessenberg variety $\mathrm{Hess}(h)$ in type A. Specifically, we give an explicit algorithm, depending only on the Hessenberg function $h$, which produces the $n$ defining relations $\{f_{h(j),j}\}_{j=1}^n$ in the equivariant cohomology ring. Our resu…
Let G be a simple and simply-connected complex algebraic group, P \subset G a parabolic subgroup. We prove an unpublished result of D. Peterson which states that the quantum cohomology QH^*(G/P) of a flag variety is, up to localization, a quotient of the homology H_*(Gr_G) of the affine Grassmannian \Gr_G of G. As a consequence, all three-point genus zero Gromov-Witten invariants of $G/P$ are identified with homology Schubert structure constants of H_*(Gr_G), establishing the equivalence of the quantum and homology affine Schubert calculi. For the case G = B, we use the Mihalcea's equivariant …
Relativistic Toda lattice of type B and quantum $K$-theory of type C flag variety
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University（早稻田大学理工学府）；Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University（庆应义塾大学商学部）；Department of Mathematics, Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学数学系）
Quantum cohomology, shift operators, and Coulomb branches
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Department of Mathematics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学数学科学研究所和数学系）；Department of Mathematics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学数学系）
Iwahori-Coulomb branches, stable envelopes, and quantum cohomology of cotangent bundles of flag varieties
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Department of Mathematics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学数学科学研究所及数学系）；Department of Mathematics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学数学系）；Max Planck Institute for Mathematics（马克斯·普朗克数学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech（弗吉尼亚理工大学数学系）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）
