Since 1992, a new Chinese innovation system has been emerging in terms of university-industry-government relations. In recent years, science parks, incubators, and high-tech development zones have been provided with strong incentives. The commitment of the Chinese government to the further introduction of a market economy has been elaborated with a focus on the knowledge-base. The model of institutional adjustments has been replaced with systemic and evolutionary thinking about niche development and human resource management. Government interventions remain important for interfacing knowledge-based developments with those on the market. For example, new legislation on issues of "intellectual property rights" is crucial to the absorption of venture capital into these developments.
Quality Control and Validation Boundaries in a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government: 'Mode 2' and the Future of University Research
在科学知识生产的新“模式2”中，质量控制是如何组织的？在大学-产业-政府关系的三重障碍中，当机构边界日益模糊时，可以预期科学知识生产的质量控制标准将在界面处发生变化。Gibbons等人（1994年）采用了两种知识生产模式的分类，以描述科学传播网络的变化（供资模式、研究结构、知识管理风格等）。这些变化主要被指定为制度参数，以处理研究与发展管理和科学与技术政策的主题，即事前（Spiegel-Ring 1973 Van den Daele et al. 1979）。我们专注于从模式1和模式2之间的差异出现的“验证边界”，也就是说，在质量控制的标准，可以分析和反射性地被带到前面事后。从一个机构的参考框架，以重点放在通信的动态的转变，使我们能够澄清几个问题，在讨论大学研究的未来。
Governments around the world have implemented preventive measures against the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this study, we consider a multivariate discrete-time Markov model to analyze the propagation of COVID-19 across 33 provincial regions in China. This approach enables us to evaluate the effect of mobility restriction policies on the spread of the disease. We use data on daily human mobility across regions and apply the Bayesian framework to estimate the proposed model. The results show that the spread of the disease in China was predominately driven by community transmi…
A Comparison between the China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations Database and the Science Citation Index in terms of journal hierarchies and inter-journal citation relations
Using information theory and data for all (0.5 million) Norwegian firms, the national and regional innovation systems are decomposed into three subdynamics: (i) economic wealth generation, (ii) technological novelty production, and (iii) government interventions and administrative control. The mutual information in three dimensions can then be used as an indicator of potential synergy, that is, reduction of uncertainty. We aggregate the data at the NUTS3 level for 19 counties, the NUTS2 level for seven regions, and the single NUTS1 level for the nation. Measured as in-between group reduction o…
