大学专利的衰落和Bayh-Dole效应的终结
The Decline of University Patenting and the End of the Bayh-Dole Effect
摘要：
大学专利被视为大学与社会环境关系变化的象征。1980年美国的《拜杜法案》被经合组织作为大学研究商业化的一个处方而极力推广，该法案被许多国家政府效仿。然而，自2000年代以来，大多数发达经济体的大学专利申请无论是百分比还是绝对值都在下降。我们认为，大学专利的制度激励已经消失了新的制度的大学排名。专利和副产品不计入大学排名。在大学-产业-政府关系的新安排中，大学对相关环境的变化变得非常敏感。
英文摘要：
University patenting has been heralded as a symbol of changing relations between universities and their social environments. The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 in the USA was eagerly promoted by the OECD as a recipe for the commercialization of university research, and the law was imitated by a number of national governments. However, since the 2000s university patenting in the most advanced economies has been on the decline both as a percentage and in absolute terms. We suggest that the institutional incentives for university patenting have disappeared with the new regime of university ranking. Patents and spin-offs are not counted in university rankings. In the new arrangements of university-industry-government relations, universities have become very responsive to changes in their relevant environments.
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