挪威创新体系中的协同作用体现在哪里？技术、组织和地理之间的三重阻碍关系
Where is Synergy Indicated in the Norwegian Innovation System? Triple-Helix Relations among Technology, Organization, and Geography
摘要：
使用信息理论和数据的所有（0.5万）挪威公司，国家和区域创新体系被分解为三个子动力：（一）经济财富的产生，（二）技术创新生产，（三）政府干预和行政控制。在三个维度上的互信息可以被用作潜在协同的指标，即减少不确定性。我们汇总了19个县的NUTS 3级数据，7个地区的NUTS 2级数据，以及全国的单一NUTS 1级数据。以不确定性的组间减少来衡量，11.7%的协同作用是在区域一级发现的，而只有2.7%是通过国家一级的汇总增加的。使用这一三重螺旋指标，西海岸各县比奥斯陆大都市区或特隆赫姆技术大学的地理环境更注重知识。外国直接投资似乎有更大的知识溢出在挪威（石油，天然气，近海，化学和海洋）比机构的知识基础设施，在既定的大学。接受大量政府补贴的该国北部地区显示出一种反常的模式。
英文摘要：
Using information theory and data for all (0.5 million) Norwegian firms, the national and regional innovation systems are decomposed into three subdynamics: (i) economic wealth generation, (ii) technological novelty production, and (iii) government interventions and administrative control. The mutual information in three dimensions can then be used as an indicator of potential synergy, that is, reduction of uncertainty. We aggregate the data at the NUTS3 level for 19 counties, the NUTS2 level for seven regions, and the single NUTS1 level for the nation. Measured as in-between group reduction of uncertainty, 11.7 % of the synergy was found at the regional level, whereas only another 2.7% was added by aggregation at the national level. Using this triple-helix indicator, the counties along the west coast are indicated as more knowledge-based than the metropolitan area of Oslo or the geographical environment of the Technical University in Trondheim. Foreign direct investment seems to have larger knowledge spill-overs in Norway (oil, gas, offshore, chemistry, and marine) than the institutional knowledge infrastructure in established universities. The northern part of the country, which receives large government subsidies, shows a deviant pattern.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
