In these three lectures I discuss the present status of high-energy astroparticle physics including Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR), high-energy gamma rays, and neutrinos. The first lecture is devoted to ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. After a brief introduction to UHECR I discuss the acceleration of charged particles to highest energies in the astrophysical objects, their propagation in the intergalactic space, recent observational results by the Auger and HiRes experiments, anisotropies of UHECR arrival directions, and secondary gamma rays produced by UHECR. In the second lecture I review recent results on TeV gamma rays. After a short introduction to detection techniques, I discuss recent exciting results of the H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and Milagro experiments on the point-like and diffuse sources of TeV gamma rays. A special section is devoted to the detection of extragalactic magnetic fields with TeV gamma-ray measurements. Finally, in the third lecture I discuss Ultra-High-Energy (UHE) neutrinos. I review three different UHE neutrino detection techniques and show the present status of searches for diffuse neutrino flux and point sources of neutrinos.
Astroparticle physics has recently reached a new status of precision due to the construction of new observatories, operating innovative technologies and the detection of large numbers of events and sources. The precise measurements of cosmic and gamma rays can be used as a test for fundamental physics, such as the Lorentz invariance violation (LV). Although LV signatures are expected to be small, the very high energies and long distances that astrophysical sources involve, lead to an unprecedented opportunity for this task. In this summary, exclusion limits results are presented from different…
This report summarises the work done during the Workshop on High Energy Physics Phenomenology 4 (S.N.Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Calcutta, India, Jan 2-14,1996) in Working Groups IV (Unification and Model Building) and V (Astroparticle Physics and Neutrinos).
The contributions made to the Working Group activities on neutrino and astroparticle physics are summarised in this article. The topics discussed were leptogenesis in Left-Right symmetric model, inflationary models in Raman-Sundrum scenarios, ultra high energy cosmic rays and neutrino oscillations in 4 flavour and decaying neutrino models.
Our understanding of the Universe today includes overwhelming observational evidence for the existence of an elusive form of matter that is generally referred to as dark. Although many theories have been developed to describe its nature, very little is actually known about its properties. Since its launch in 2008, the Large Area Telescope, onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, has detected by far the greatest number ever of gamma rays, in the 20MeV 300GeV energy range and electrons + positrons in the 7 GeV- 1 TeV range. This impressive statistics allows one to perform a very sensitive i…
I briefly discuss the role of neutrinos as probes in astroparticle physics and review the status of neutrino oscillation parameters as of June 2006, including recent fluxes, and latest SNO, K2K and MINOS results. I comment on the origin of neutrino masses in seesaw-type and low-scale models and mention some of their experimental signals.
In this astro-particle lecture course I shall try to emphasize evidence of the new physics which we have in cosmological and astrophysical data. This includes support of the inflationary model, necessity of dark energy and of non-baryonic dark matter, the Grizen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin puzzle of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays.
This article reviews some recent developments in Astroparticle Physics. Due to the extension of the field only part of the results and developments can be covered. The status of the search for Dark Matter, some recent results on Cosmic Rays and Gamma Ray Astronomy and the status of Neutrino Astronomy are presented.
Studies in astroparticle physics are actively developed all over the world. It is clear that the effectiveness of the work depends strongly on the information exchange rate and on the overall coordination of this activity. An international forum, be it virtual, which can join all the groups and coordinate their efforts would give a boost to this cooperation. Particularly this is important for isolated scientific groups and scientists from small countries which can contribute a lot to this work being a part of the large international collaboration. Objectives, instruments and structure of propo…
We give a brief (and highly incomplete) overview of the current experimental and theoretical status of high energy cosmic rays and their secondary gamma-rays and neutrinos. We focus on the role of large scale magnetic fields and on multi-messenger aspects linking these three channels. We also recall that the flavor composition of neutrino fluxes from astrophysical sources contains information on both the source conditions and neutrino physics.
Quark matter both in terrestrial experiment and in astrophysics is briefly reviewed. Astrophysical quark matter could appear in the early Universe, in compact stars, and as cosmic rays. Emphasis is put on quark star as the nature of pulsars. Possible astrophysical implications of experiment-discovered sQGP are also concisely discussed.
In this talk I discuss the interplay between collider physics and four topics of astro-particle physics: neutrino oscillations, electroweak baryogenesis, LSP Dark Matter, and ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR). Some astrophysical scenarios can (only) be tested decisively at colliders. In other cases input from collider experiments is required to sharpen predictions for future astro--particle physics experiments, e.g. for the LSP detection rate or the UHECR spectrum in top--down models.
The observation of cosmic ray particles with unexpected high energies is pushing astroparticle physics into a period of rapid progress both theoretically and experimentally. Different proposed models for the generation of these particles are constrained by the absence of the predicted GZK cutoff in the cosmic ray spectrum and by the composition and the distribution of arrival directions observed. The database increase due to the Pierre Auger Observatory will provide a clearer picture of the spectral anisotropy and properties of such high energy particles, enabling tests of their origin and nat…
Despite several indirect confirmations of the existence of dark matter, the properties of a new dark matter particle are still largely unknown. Several experiments are currently searching for this particle underground in direct detection, in space and on earth in indirect detection and at the LHC. A confirmed signal could select a model for dark matter among the many extensions of the standard model. In this paper we present a short review of the public codes for computation of dark matter observables.
This is the report of neutrino and astroparticle physics working group at WHEPP-8. We present the discussions carried out during the workshop on selected topics in the above fields and also indicate progress made subsequently. The neutrino physics subgroup studied the possibilites of constraining neutrino masses, mixing and CPT violation in lepton sector from future experiments. Neutrino mass models in the context of abelian horizontal symmetries, warped extra dimensions and in presence of triplet Higgs were studied. Effect of threshold corrections on radiative magnification of mixing angles w…
The Sun is an excellent laboratory for astroparticle physics but remains poorly understood at GeV--TeV energies. Despite the immense relevance for both cosmic-ray propagation and dark matter searches, only in recent years has the Sun become a target for precision gamma-ray astronomy with the Fermi-LAT instrument. Among the most surprising results from the observations is a hard excess of GeV gamma-ray flux that strongly anti-correlates with solar activity, especially at the highest energies accessible to Fermi-LAT. Most of the observed properties of the gamma-ray emission cannot be explained b…
We provide a study of the phenomenology of heterotic orbifold compactifications scenarii within the context of supergravity effective theories. Our investigation focuses on those models where the soft Lagrangian is dominated by loop contributions to the various soft supersymmetry breaking parameters, giving a mixed anomaly-gravity mediation model. We consider the pattern of masses that are governed by these soft terms and investigate the implications of certain indirect constraints on supersymmetric models. In this framework, we point out how the complementarity between direct and indirect det…
It is well known that a fundamental theorem of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) set in at spacetime ensures the CPT invariance of the theory. This symmetry is strictly connected to the Lorentz covariance, and consequently to the fundamental structure of spacetime. Therefore it may be interesting to investigate the possibility of departure from this fundamental symmetry, since it can furnish a window to observe possible effects of a more fundamental quantum gravity theory in a "lower energy limit". Moreover, in the past, the inquiry of symmetry violations provided a starting point for new physics dis…
One overarching objective of science is to further our understanding of the universe, from its early stages to its current state and future evolution. This depends on gaining insight on the universe's most macroscopic components, for example galaxies and stars, as well as describing its smallest components, namely elementary particles and nuclei and their interactions. It is clear that this endeavour requires combined expertise from the fields of astroparticle physics, particle physics and nuclear physics. Pursuing common scientific drivers also require mastering challenges related to instrume…
Precision measurements of charged cosmic rays have recently been carried out by space-born (e.g. AMS-02), or ground experiments (e.g. HESS). These measured data are important for the studies of astro-physical phenomena, including supernova remnants, cosmic ray propagation, solar physics and dark matter. Those scenarios usually contain a number of free parameters that need to be adjusted by observed data. Some techniques, such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo and MultiNest, are developed in order to solve the above problem. However, it is usually required a computing farm to apply those tools. In th…
We present a toolbox of new techniques and concepts for the efficient forecasting of experimental sensitivities. These are applicable to a large range of scenarios in (astro-)particle physics, and based on the Fisher information formalism. Fisher information provides an answer to the question what is the maximum extractable information from a given observation?. It is a common tool for the forecasting of experimental sensitivities in many branches of science, but rarely used in astroparticle physics or searches for particle dark matter. After briefly reviewing the Fisher information matrix of …
These are extended notes of a series of lectures given at the XIth Brazilian School of Cosmology and Gravitation. They provide a selection of topics at the intersection of particle and astrophysics. The first part gives a short introduction to the theory of electroweak interactions, with specific emphasize on neutrinos. In the second part we apply this framework to selected topics in astrophysics and cosmology, namely neutrino oscillations, neutrino hot dark dark matter, and big bang nucleosynthesis. The last part is devoted to ultra high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos where again particle p…
The energy domain between 10 MeV and hundreds of GeV is an essential one for the multifrequency study of extreme astrophysical sources. The understanding of spectra of detected gamma rays is necessary for developing models for acceleration, emission, absorption and propagation of very high energy particles at their sources and in space. After the end of EGRET on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory this energy region is not covered by any other experiment, at least up to 50 GeV where ground Cerenkov telescopes are beginning to take data. Here we will review the status of the space experimen…
The current focus of the CERN program is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), however, CERN is engaged in long baseline neutrino physics with the CNGS project and supports T2K as recognized CERN RE13, and for good reasons: a number of observed phenomena in high-energy physics and cosmology lack their resolution within the Standard Model of particle physics; these puzzles include the origin of neutrino masses, CP-violation in the leptonic sector, and baryon asymmetry of the Universe. They will only partially be addressed at LHC. A positive measurement of $\sin^22θ_{13}>0.01$ would certainly give a …
In this thesis two signals pointing beyond the Standard Model are discussed. The first signal is the presence of baryonic matter around us. The possibility of baryogenesis in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) was studied. The bosonic part of the MSSM Lagrangian was put on the lattice. Finite temperature and zero temperature simulations were performed to find the jump of the Higgs length and the mass spectrum. The phase diagram of MSSM in the m_U^2 - T plane was determined. The properties of the bubble wall during the phase transition were also analyzed. The second signal that is…
Some new developments obtained in the last few years concerning the propagation of high energy cosmic rays are discussed. In particular, it is shown how the inclusion of drift effects in the transport diffusion equations leads naturally to an explanation for the knee, for the second knee and for the observed behavior of the composition and anisotropies between the knee and the ankle. It is shown that the trend towards a heavier composition above the knee has significant impact on the predicted neutrino fluxes above $10^{14}$ eV. The effects of magnetic lensing on the cosmic rays with energies …
The first optical modules of the Baikal high energy neutrino telescope have recently been deployed. Commissioning of the AMANDA, DUMAND and NESTOR detectors will follow soon. Before discussing the detectors we review the arguments that pinpoint $0.1\rm~km^2$ as the natural scale of a neutrino telescope. Though present detectors do not quite reach this goal, their techniques, if successful, can be exploited to build km$^2$ detectors for a cost not exceeding one hundred million dollars. Motivations for the construction of km$^2$ deep underground detectors include i) neutrino astronomy and the se…
We review the context, the motivations and the expected performances of a comprehensive and ambitious fixed-target program using the multi-TeV proton and ion LHC beams. We also provide a detailed account of the different possible technical implementations ranging from an internal wire target to a full dedicated beam line extracted with a bent crystal. The possibilities offered by the use of the ALICE and LHCb detectors in the fixed-target mode are also reviewed.
The Standard Model of particle physics has been strengthened by the recent discovery of the long-awaited Higgs boson. The standard cosmological model has met the challenge of the high precision observations in cosmology and astroparticle physics. However these two standard models face both several theoretical issues, such as the naturalness problem in the Higgs sector of the Standard Model, as well as observational issues, in particular the fact that an unknown kind of matter called Dark Matter accounts for the majority of the matter content in our Universe. Attempts to solve such problems hav…
Supersymmetry may be discovered at high energy colliders, through low energy precision measurements, and by dark matter searches. We present a comprehensive analysis of all available probes in minimal supergravity. This work extends previous analyses by including the focus point branch of parameter space and the full array of promising indirect dark matter searches. We find that particle and astrophysical searches underway are highly complementary: each separately provides only partial coverage of the available parameter space, but together they probe almost all models. Cosmology does {\em not…
Latin American network on electromagnetic effects in strongly interacting matter: Contribution to the update of the Latin American Strategy for High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Virtual Institute of Astroparticle Physics (VIA), integrated in the structure of Laboratory of AstroParticle physics and Cosmology (APC) is evolved in a unique multi-functional complex of $e-science$ and $e-learning$, supporting various forms of collaborative scientific work as well as programs of education at distance. The activity of VIA takes place on its website and includes regular videoconferences with systematic basic courses and lectures on various issues of astroparticle physics, regular online transmission of APC Colloquiums, participation at distance in various scientific meetings a…
The existence of dark matter (DM) was first noticed by Zwicky in the 1930s, but its nature remains one of the great unsolved problems of physics. A variety of observations indicate that it is non-baryonic and non-relativistic. One of the preferred candidates for non-baryonic DM is a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) that in most models is stable. WIMP self-annihilation can produce cosmic rays, gamma rays, and other particles with signatures that may be detectable. Hints of anomalous cosmic-ray spectra found by recent experiments, such as PAMELA, have motivated interesting interpretati…
Strategic White Paper on AI Infrastructure for Particle, Nuclear, and Astroparticle Physics: Insights from JENA and EuCAIF
IMAPP, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands；Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands；Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria；Department of Physics, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, Swansea, United Kingdom；HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 29--33 Konkoly--Thege Mikl\'os \'ut, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary；University, Institute of Physics；Astronomy Department (DIFA), Alma Mater Studiorum- Università di Bologna ,Italy；University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom；Lule \, University of Technology, Laboratoriev\"agen 14, Lule , Sweden；Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA；Department of Physics, Sapienza Universit\`a di Roma；Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland；Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 80233 Munich, Germany；School of Physics；Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom；Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary, Atomistilor 409, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov county, Romania；Physics Department, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom；Brunel University of London, Kingston Lane, UB8 3PH, Uxbridge, United Kingdon；GRAPPA, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
The event of astroparticle collision at high energy was detected in 1975 during the balloon flight in the stratosphere. The data of hundred particle tracks in x-ray films have been re-analyzed in the style of LHC experiments: rapidity distributions of charged particles and transverse mass spectra of multi-particle production have been built. The comparison of multiple histograms with the expectations of the Quark-Gluon String Model (QGSM) gives us, at first sight, the conclusion that it might be the carbon-nucleus collision with the matter of atmosphere at the c.m.s. equivalent energy $\sqrt{s…
The DUNE/LBNF program aims to address key questions in neutrino physics and astroparticle physics. Realizing DUNE's potential to reconstruct low-energy particles in the 10-100 MeV energy range will bring significant benefits for all DUNE's science goals. In neutrino physics, low-energy sensitivity will improve neutrino energy reconstruction in the GeV range relevant for the kinematics of DUNE's long-baseline oscillation program. In astroparticle physics, low-energy capabilities will make DUNE's far detectors the world's best apparatus for studying the electron-neutrino flux from a supernova. T…
With applications in astroparticle physics in mind, we generalize a method for the solution of the nonlinear, space homogeneous Boltzmann equation with isotropic distribution function to arbitrary matrix elements. The method is based on the expansion of the matrix element in terms of two cosines of the "scattering angles". The scattering functions used by previous authors in particle physics for matrix elements in Fermi-approximation are retrieved as lowest order results in this expansion. The method is designed for the unified treatment of reactive mixtures of particles obeying different scat…
In this article, based on the talk given at the Cracow Epiphany Conference on Astroparticle Physics, I discuss some of the opportunities provided by high-energy and ultra-high energy neutrino astronomy in probing particle physics beyond the standard model. Following a short summary of current and next generation experiments, I review the prospects for observations of high-energy neutrino interactions, searches for particle dark matter, and measurements of absolute neutrino masses, lifetimes and pseudo-Dirac mass splittings.
LPTHE, CNRS & Sorbonne U., Paris（巴黎高等理论物理研究所，法国国家科学研究中心与索邦大学）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学物理与天文学系）；INFN, Sezione di Bologna（意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼部分所）
There are three astroparticle physics puzzles which fire the imagination: the origin of the ``Great Positron Producer'' in the galactic bulge, the nature of the gamma-ray bursts central engine and the mechanism of supernova explosions. We show that the mirror matter model has the potential to solve all three of these puzzles in one beautifully simple strike.
Transparencies of the 18th Henry Primakoff lecture at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, April 11, 2001 and of the Special lecture given at the 7th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics, TAUP 2001, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, September 9, 2001; to be published by Elsevier Nucl. Phys. B (Proceedings supplements). Various aspects of the concept of mass in modern physics are discussed: 1. Mass in Special Relativity, 2. Atoms in Static Gravity, 3. Photons in Static Gravity, 4. Misleading Terminology, 5. Unsolved Problems of mass.
