利用高能天体粒子物理学探索超越狭义相对论的可能信号
Exploration of possible signals beyond special relativity using high-energy astroparticle physics
AI总结：
本文通过高能天体粒子传播研究超越狭义相对论的新物理，分别从洛伦兹不变性破缺和双重狭义相对论两条路径分析中微子通量修正、时间延迟及伽马射线通量，论证天体粒子观测可作为量子引力现象学的窗口。
摘要：
为了统一粒子物理标准模型与广义相对论，我们可能需要引力的量子描述，这将改变我们对极高能量下时空的认识。在本论文中，我们利用高能天体粒子的传播探索超越狭义相对论的新物理的可能痕迹。为此，本文介绍了超越洛伦兹不变性的两种途径：洛伦兹不变性的破缺（Lorentz invariance violation，简称LIV）及其变形（双重狭义相对论，即doubly special relativity，简称DSR），并强调它们在概念和现象学上的差异。对于LIV的研究，本工作重点预测地球上预期中微子通量的修正，这些中微子既包括天体物理起源的，也包括宇宙射线在传播过程中与背景辐射相互作用产生的宇宙生成起源中微子。对于DSR的研究，我们则聚焦于寻找无质量粒子飞行时间中的异常（时间延迟），以及研究地球上预期的伽马射线通量。所获得的结果表明，在目前和/或不久的将来可达到的能量下，有可能将天体粒子观测作为量子引力现象学的一个窗口。
英文摘要：
To unify the standard model of particle physics and general relativity, we may require a quantum description of gravity, which will change our notion of spacetime at very high energies. In this dissertation we explore possible traces of new physics beyond special relativity, using the propagation of high energy astroparticles. For this purpose, the two ways of going beyond Lorentz invariance are presented, a breaking of the Lorentz invariance (Lorentz invariance violation or LIV or its deformation (doubly special relativity or DSR), emphasizing their conceptual and phenomenological differences. For the study of LIV, the work focuses on the prediction of modifications in the expected neutrino flux on Earth, both from astrophysical and cosmogenic origin (from the interaction of cosmic rays with the background radiation during their propagation). For the study of DSR we focus instead on the search for anomalies in the time of flight of massless particles (time delays) and on the study of the expected flux of gamma rays on Earth. The results obtained show the possibility of using astroparticle observations as a window to quantum gravity phenomenology, at energies attainable at present and/or in the very near future.
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