Astroparticle Physics at the Forward Physics Facility
Dennis Soldin
备注：
7 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the 2024 Very High Energy Phenomena in the Universe session of the 58th Rencontres de Moriond. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2308.09079
High-energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will generate a substantial flux of particles along the beam collision axis that current LHC experiments cannot access. Multi-particle production in the far-forward region is particularly relevant to astroparticle physics. High-energy cosmic rays initiate extensive air showers (EASs) in the atmosphere, driven by hadron-ion collisions at low momentum transfer in the non-perturbative regime of QCD. Therefore, understanding high-energy hadronic interactions in the forward region is essential for interpreting EAS data and estimating backgrounds for astrophysical neutrino searches, among other applications. The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to construct a new underground cavern at the HL-LHC dedicated to hosting a range of experiments aimed at detecting particles beyond the current capabilities of LHC experiments. This article will provide an update on the current planning status of the FPF and emphasize its synergies with astroparticle physics.
The Forward Physics Facility (FPF), planned to operate near the ATLAS interaction point at the LHC, offers exciting new terrain to explore neutrino properties at TeV energy scales. It will reach an unprecedented regime for terrestrial neutrino experiments and provide the opportunity to reveal new physics of neutrinos at higher energy scales. We demonstrate that future detectors at the FPF have the potential to discover new mediators that couple predominantly to neutrinos, with masses between 0.3 and 20 GeV and small couplings not yet probed by existing searches. Such a neutrinophilic mediator …
Models with light dark sector and dark matter particles motivate qualitatively new collider searches. Here we carry out a comprehensive study of hadrophilic models with U(1)$_B$ and U(1)$_{B-3L_τ}$ gauge bosons coupled to light dark matter. The new mediator particles in these models couple to quarks, but have suppressed couplings to leptons, providing a useful foil to the well-studied dark photon models. We consider current bounds from accelerator and collider searches, rare anomaly-induced decays, neutrino non-standard interactions, and dark matter direct detection. Despite the many existing …
The event of astroparticle collision at high energy was detected in 1975 during the balloon flight in the stratosphere. The data of hundred particle tracks in x-ray films have been re-analyzed in the style of LHC experiments: rapidity distributions of charged particles and transverse mass spectra of multi-particle production have been built. The comparison of multiple histograms with the expectations of the Quark-Gluon String Model (QGSM) gives us, at first sight, the conclusion that it might be the carbon-nucleus collision with the matter of atmosphere at the c.m.s. equivalent energy $\sqrt{s…
The study of the dynamics of strong interactions in the high-energy regime is a core line of frontier researches at the LHC as well as at new-generation colliding facilities. Here, the enhancement of energy logarithms due to diffractive semi-hard final states spoils the convergence of the perturbative series in the QCD running coupling, thus calling for an improvement of the pure collinear factorization that accounts for an all-order resummation of these large logarithmic contributions. Motivated by the recent discovery that inclusive emissions of heavy-flavored particles allow for clear signa…
Lehman College, City University of New York（纽约市立大学莱曼学院）；University of Liverpool（利物浦大学）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；Chiba University（千叶大学）；Kyushu University（九州大学）；SNOLAB（斯诺实验室）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Bartoszek Engineering（巴托舍克工程公司）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；University of Fribourg（弗里堡大学）；Universität Bonn（波恩大学）；Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati（印度理工学院古瓦哈提分校）；University of California, Irvine（加州大学尔湾分校）
The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF,…
Optimization of muon suppression using sweeper magnets for the Forward Physics Facility at the HL-LHC
Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；Department of Physics, Chiba University（千叶大学）；Kyushu University（九州大学）；CERN（欧洲核子研究中心）；Institute of Space Science — INFLPR Subsidiary（空间科学研究所（INFLPR附属机构））；Royal Holloway, University of London（伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology（以色列理工学院）
Theoretical predictions of the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux have large uncertainties associated with charm hadron production, by far the dominant source of prompt neutrinos in the atmosphere. The flux of cosmic rays, with its steeply falling energy spectrum, weights the forward production of charm in the evaluation of the atmospheric neutrino flux at high energies. The current LHCb experiment at CERN constrains charm production in kinematic regions relevant to the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux. The proposed Forward Physics Facility has additional capabilities to detect neutrino fluxes f…
The significant neutrino flux at high rapidity at the LHC motivates dedicated forward detectors to study the properties of neutrinos at TeV energies. We investigate magnetic dipole interactions between the active neutrinos and new sterile states at emulsion and liquid argon experiments that could be located in a future Forward Physics Facility (FPF) downstream of the ATLAS interaction point. The up-scattering of neutrinos off electrons produces an electron recoil signature that can probe new regions of parameter space at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), particularly for liquid argon detectors…
We identify potentially the world's most sensitive location to search for millicharged particles in the 10 MeV to 100 GeV mass range: the forward region at the LHC. We propose constructing a scintillator-based experiment, FORward MicrOcharge SeArch (FORMOSA) in this location, and estimate the corresponding sensitivity projection. We show that FORMOSA can discover millicharged particles in a large and unexplored parameter space, and study strongly interacting dark matter that cannot be detected by ground-based direct-detection experiments. The newly proposed LHC Forward Physics Facility (FPF) p…
The LHC may produce light, weakly-interacting particles that decay to dark matter, creating an intense and highly collimated beam of dark matter particles in the far-forward direction. We investigate the prospects for detecting this dark matter in two far-forward detectors proposed for a future Forward Physics Facility: FASER$ν$2, a 10-tonne emulsion detector, and FLArE, a 10- to 100-tonne LArTPC. We focus here on nuclear scattering, including elastic scattering, resonant pion production, and deep inelastic scattering, and devise cuts that efficiently remove the neutrino-induced background. In…
Neutrino fluxes at high rapidity and at high energy are sensitive to QCD dynamics of heavy-flavor production in kinematic regions where measurements have not yet been made. The FASER$ν$ and SND@LHC experiments scheduled for Run 3 at the LHC and the proposed Forward Physics Facility with a suite of experiments during the High-Luminosity LHC phase will probe neutrinos at high pseudorapidity. This short paper reports on recent evaluations of the prompt $ν_τ+\barν_τ$ and $ν_e+\barν_e$ double-differential cross sections in $pp$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider from the production and decays …
New light particles may be produced in large numbers in the far-forward region at the LHC and then decay to dark matter, which can be detected through its scattering in far-forward experiments. We consider the example of invisibly-decaying dark photons, which decay to dark matter through $A' \to χχ$. The dark matter may then be detected through its scattering off electrons $χe^- \to χe^-$. We consider the discovery potential of detectors placed on the beam collision axis 480 m from the ATLAS interaction point, including an emulsion detector (FASER$ν$2) and, for the first time, a Forward Liquid…
High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe Standard Model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals…
We discuss production of far-forward $D$ mesons/antimesons and neutrinos/antineutrinos from their semileptonic decays in pp-collisions at the LHC. We include the gluon-gluon fusion $gg \to c\bar{c}$, the intrinsic charm (IC) $gc \to gc$ as well as the recombination $gq \to Dc$ partonic mechanisms. The calculations are performed within the $k_T$-factorization approach and the hybrid model using different unintegrated parton distribution functions (uPDFs) for gluons from the literature, as well as within the collinear approach. We compare our results to the LHCb data for forward $D^{0}$-meson pr…
We propose the use of FASER as a light-shining-through-walls experiment to search for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs). LHC collisions generate a high intensity and high energy photon flux in the forward direction which can oscillate into ALPs in the magnetic fields that are used to confine the beam. These ALPs then pass through about 100~m of rock before reaching the magnetic fields of FASER, where they can convert back into photons and be detected by an electromagnetic calorimeter. In the next years, FASER and its successor FASER2 at the Forward Physics Facility will be able to explore…
A forward-angle large-acceptance magnetic spectrometer
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility（托马斯·杰斐逊国家加速器设施）；University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）；INFN Sezione di Roma（罗马意大利国家核物理研究所分部）；Istituto Superiore di Sanità（高等卫生研究院）；Carnegue Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；University of Connecticut（康涅狄格大学）
Proposal for a shared transverse LLP detector for FCC-ee and FCC-hh and a forward LLP detector for FCC-hh
Centre for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science（印度科学学院高能物理中心）；Bethe Centre for Theoretical Physics and Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn（波恩大学理论物理贝特中心与物理研究所）；Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, University of Tokyo（东京大学 Kavli 宇宙起源研究前沿中心（WPI）、UTIAS）；Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur（坎普尔印度理工学院物理系）
New experiments to measure neutrinos in the far-forward region at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are under design or already in preparation. Two of them, FASER$ν$ and SND@LHC, are expected to be active during Run 3 and have the potential to detect neutrinos that come from high-energy collisions in one of the LHC interaction points, extracted along the direction tangent to the beam line. Tau neutrinos and antineutrinos come predominantly from $D_s^\pm$ production in $pp$ collisions, followed by the leptonic decay of these mesons. Neutrino pseudorapidities in the range of $η>6.9$ and $η>8.9$ ar…
The facilities designed to study collisions of relativistic nuclei, such as the MPD at NICA (JINR), STAR at RHIC (BNL), ALICE, ATLAS and CMS at the LHC (CERN), are equipped with pairs of hadronic Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC) to detect forward nucleons at the both sides of the interaction point and estimate the collision centrality. The energy deposited in a ZDC fluctuates from one event to another, but on average it is proportional to the number of absorbed nucleons. Forward nucleons are also emitted in electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) of nuclei in ultraperipheral collisions, and they are …
We present the first measurements of identified hadron production, azimuthal anisotropy, and pion interferometry from Au+Au collisions below the nominal injection energy at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. The data were collected using the large acceptance STAR detector at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 9.2 GeV from a test run of the collider in the year 2008. Midrapidity results on multiplicity density (dN/dy) in rapidity (y), average transverse momentum (<pT>), particle ratios, elliptic flow, and HBT radii are consistent with the corresponding results at similar $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ from f…
The availability of high-intensity kaon beams at the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility and the CERN SPS North Area, together with the abundant forward production of kaons at the LHC, gives rise to unique possibilities for sensitive tests of the Standard Model in the quark flavor sector. Precise measurements of the branching ratios for the flavor-changing neutral current decays $K\toπν\barν$ can provide unique constraints on CKM unitarity and, potentially, evidence for new physics. Building on the success of the current generation of fixed-target experiments, initiatives are taking shape in b…
