用于粒子和天体粒子科学的地下中微子探测器：巨型液态氩电荷成像ExpeRiment（GLACIER）
Underground Neutrino Detectors for Particle and Astroparticle Science: the Giant Liquid Argon Charge Imaging ExpeRiment (GLACIER)
摘要：
CERN计划目前的重点是大型强子对撞机（LHC），然而，CERN正在与CNGS项目一起从事长基线中微子物理学研究，并支持T2 K作为公认的CERN RE 13，并且有很好的理由：高能物理学和宇宙学中的许多观察到的现象在粒子物理学的标准模型内缺乏分辨率;这些谜题包括中微子质量的起源、轻子扇区的CP破坏和宇宙的重子不对称性。这些问题在LHC中只会得到部分解决。对$\sin^22θ_{13}>0.01$的正测量无疑将极大地促进中微子物理学的发展，因为它为研究轻子扇区中的CP破坏和用升级的常规超级束确定中微子质量等级提供了可能。这些实验（所谓的“第二阶段”）除了需要升级的射束功率外，还需要下一代超大质量中微子探测器，在宽中微子能量范围内具有优异的能量分辨率和高探测效率，以覆盖第一和第二振荡最大值，以及优异的粒子识别和$π^0$背景抑制。神冈的两代大型切伦科夫水探测器（Kamiokande和Super-Kamiokande）非常成功。有充分的理由考虑第三代水切伦科夫探测器，其质量比超级神冈探测器大一个数量级，用于非加速器（质子衰变，超新星，...）和基于加速器的物理学另一方面，一个大约100千吨的巨大地下液态氩探测器可以成为“第二阶段”精确测量的一个可靠的替代方案，并旨在中微子天体粒子和非加速器粒子物理学（例如质子衰变）方面取得重大的新成果。
英文摘要：
The current focus of the CERN program is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), however, CERN is engaged in long baseline neutrino physics with the CNGS project and supports T2K as recognized CERN RE13, and for good reasons: a number of observed phenomena in high-energy physics and cosmology lack their resolution within the Standard Model of particle physics; these puzzles include the origin of neutrino masses, CP-violation in the leptonic sector, and baryon asymmetry of the Universe. They will only partially be addressed at LHC. A positive measurement of $\sin^22θ_{13}>0.01$ would certainly give a tremendous boost to neutrino physics by opening the possibility to study CP violation in the lepton sector and the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy with upgraded conventional super-beams. These experiments (so called ``Phase II'') require, in addition to an upgraded beam power, next generation very massive neutrino detectors with excellent energy resolution and high detection efficiency in a wide neutrino energy range, to cover 1st and 2nd oscillation maxima, and excellent particle identification and $π^0$ background suppression. Two generations of large water Cherenkov detectors at Kamioka (Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande) have been extremely successful. And there are good reasons to consider a third generation water Cherenkov detector with an order of magnitude larger mass than Super-Kamiokande for both non-accelerator (proton decay, supernovae, ...) and accelerator-based physics. On the other hand, a very massive underground liquid Argon detector of about 100 kton could represent a credible alternative for the precision measurements of ``Phase II'' and aim at significantly new results in neutrino astroparticle and non-accelerator-based particle physics (e.g. proton decay).
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