We consider the structure of finite $p$-groups $G$ having precisely three characteristic subgroups, namely $1$, $Φ(G)$ and $G$. The structure of $G$ varies markedly depending on whether $G$ has exponent $p$ or $p^2$, and, in both cases, the study of such groups raises deep problems in representation theory. We present classification theorems for 3- and 4-generator groups, and we also study the existence of such $r$-generator groups with exponent $p^2$ for various values of $r$. The automorphism group induced on the Frattini quotient is, in various cases, related to a maximal linear group in Aschbacher's classification scheme.
We show that Neretin groups have no non-trivial invariant random subgroups. These groups provide first examples of non-discrete, compactly generated, locally compact groups with this property.
We show that any group $G$ is contained in some sharply 2-transitive group $\mathcal{G}$ without a non-trivial abelian normal subgroup. This answers a long-standing open question. The involutions in the groups $\mathcal{G}$ that we construct have no fixed points.
We improve the existing lower bounds on the order of counterexamples to a conjecture by P. Schmid, determine some properties of the possible counterexamples of minimum order for each prime, and the isomorphism type of the center of the Frattini subgroup for the counterexamples of order 256. We also show that nonabelian metacyclic p-groups, nonabelian groups of maximal nilpotency class and 2-groups of coclass two satisfy the conjecture.
The Chermak-Delgado lattice of a finite group is a modular, self-dual sublattice of the lattice of subgroups of $G$. The least element of the Chermak-Delgado lattice of $G$ is known as the Chermak-Delgado subgroup of $G$. This paper concerns groups with a trivial Chermak-Delgado subgroup. We prove that if the Chermak-Delgado lattice of such a group is lattice isomorphic to a Cartesian product of lattices, then the group splits as a direct product, with the Chermak-Delgado lattice of each direct factor being lattice isomorphic to one of the lattices in the Cartesian product. We establish many p…
We finish off the classification of the endo-trivial modules of finite groups with Sylow $2$-subgroups isomorphic to a semi-dihedral $2$-group started by Carlson, Mazza and Thévenaz in their article "Endotrivial modules over groups with quaternion or semi-dihedral Sylow $2$-subgroup" published in 2013.
In this article, we prove that if all non-trivial cyclic subgroups of a group $G$ are self normalizing and $G$ satisfies the implication $$ \ o(x)\neq o(y)\Rightarrow o(xy)\neq o(x), o(y), $$ for all non-trivial elements $x$ and $y$, then $G$ is a $p$-group or simple.
We construct a family of groups which generalize the Hanoi towers group and study the congruence subgroup problem for the groups in this family. We show that unlike the Hanoi towers group, the groups in this generalization are just infinite and have trivial rigid kernel. We also put strict bounds on the branch kernel. Additionally, we show that these groups have subgroups of finite index with non-trivial rigid kernel. The only previously known group where this kernel is non-trivial is the Hanoi towers group and so this adds infinitely many new examples. Finally, we show that the topological cl…
We settle an old conjecture of Karrass and Solitar by proving that a finitely generated subgroup of a non-trivial free product $G = A\ast B$ has finite index if and only if it intersects non-trivially each non-trivial normal subgroup of $G$. This holds, more generally, for subgroups of finite Kurosh rank.
Assume that a finite almost simple group with simple socle isomorphic to an exceptional group of Lie type possesses a solvable Hall subgroup. Then there exist four conjugates of the subgroup such that their intersection is trivial.
In this paper, we find some exotic fusion systems which have non-trivial strongly closed subgroups, and we prove these fusion systems are also not realizable by p-blocks of finite groups.
Let $G$ be a group. The intersection graph $Γ(G)$ of $G$ is an undirected graph without loops and multiple edges defined as follows: the vertex set is the set of all proper non-trivial subgroups of $G$, and there is an edge between two distinct vertices $H$ and $K$ if and only if $H\cap K \neq 1$ where $1$ denotes the trivial subgroup of $G$. In this paper we studied the dominating sets in intersection graphs of finite groups. It turns out a subset of the vertex set is a dominating set if and only if the union of the corresponding subgroups contains the union of all minimal subgroups. We class…
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$ and $G$ a finite group. We provide a description of the torsion subgroup $TT(G)$ of the finitely generated abelian group $T(G)$ of endo-trivial $kG$-modules when $p=2$ and $G$ has a dihedral Sylow $2$-subgroup $P$. We prove that, in the case $|P|\geq 8$, $TT(G)\cong X(G)$ the group of one-dimensional $kG$-modules, except possibly when $G/O_{2'}(G)\cong \mathfrak{A}_6$, the alternating group of degree $6$; in which case $G$ may have $9$-dimensional simple torsion endo-trivial modules. We also prove a similar result in the case $|P…
In this paper we show that if S is a simple classical group, a group G is contained in inner-diagonal automorphisms of S and contains S, and H is a solvable Hall subgroup of G, then there exists five conjugates of H, whose intersection is trivial.
Let $Γ$ be a simplicial, finite, connected graph such that $Γ$ does not decompose as a nontrivial join. We prove that two notions of strong quasiconvexity and stability are equivalent in the right-angled Artin group $A_Γ$ (except for the case of finite index subgroups). We also characterize non-trivial strongly quasiconvex subgroups of infinite index in $A_Γ$ (i.e. non-trivial stable subgroups in $A_Γ$) by quadratic lower relative divergence. These results strengthen the work of Koberda-Mangahas-Taylor on characterizing purely loxodromic subgroups of right-angled Artin groups.
Let G be a finite group. A collection P={H1, ..., Hr} of subgroups of G, where r > 1, is said a non-trivial partition of G if every non-identity element of G belongs to one and only one Hi, for some 1 <=i<=r. We call a group G that does not admit any non-trivial partition a partition-free group. In this paper, we study a partition-free group G whose all proper non-cyclic subgroups admit non-trivial partitions.
We construct three groups $Λ_1$, $Λ_2$, $Λ_3$, which can all be decomposed as amalgamated products $F_9 \ast_{F_{81}} F_{9}$ and have very few normal subgroups of finite or infinite index. Concretely, $Λ_1$ is a simple group, $Λ_2$ is not simple but has no non-trivial normal subgroup of infinite index, and $Λ_3$ is not simple but has no proper subgroup of finite index.
We prove that the Herzog-Schönheim Conjecture holds for any group $G$ of order smaller than $1440$. In other words we show that in any non-trivial coset partition $\{g_i U_i\}_{i=1}^n $ of $G$ there exist distinct $1 \leq i, j \leq n$ such that $[G:U_i]=[G:U_j]$. We also study interaction between the indices of subgroups having cosets with pairwise trivial intersection and harmonic integers. We prove that if $U_1$,...,$U_n$ are subgroups of $G$ which have pairwise trivially intersecting cosets and $n \leq 4$ then $[G:U_1]$,...,$[G:U_n]$ are harmonic integers.
We develop a theory of \emph{strongly quasiconvex subgroups} of an arbitrary finitely generated group. Strong quasiconvexity generalizes quasiconvexity in hyperbolic groups and is preserved under quasi-isometry. We show that strongly quasiconvex subgroups are also more reflexive of the ambient groups geometry than the stable subgroups defined by Durham-Taylor, while still having many analogous properties to those of quasiconvex subgroups of hyperbolic groups. We characterize strongly quasiconvex subgroups in terms of the lower relative divergence of ambient groups with respect to them. We also…
We determine the irreducible 2-modular representations of the symplectic group $G=Sp_{2n}(2)$ whose restriction to every abelian subgroup has a trivial constituent. A similar result is obtained for maximal tori of $G$. There is significant information on the existence of eigenvalue 1 of elements of $G$ in a given irreducible representation of $G$.
The Bogomolov multiplier $B_0(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the subgroup of the Schur multiplier $H^2(G,\mathbb Q/\mathbb Z)$ consisting of the cohomology classes which vanish after restricting to every abelian subgroup of $G$. We give a new proof of a Hopf-type formula for $B_0(G)$ and derive an exact sequence for the cohomological version of the Bogomolov multiplier. Using this exact sequence we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the corresponding inflation homomorphism to be an epimorphism and to be the zero map. Finally, we give a complete list of groups of order $p^6$, for odd…
A group $G$ is said to be totally $2$-closed if in each of its faithful permutation representations, say on a set $Ω$, $G$ is the largest subgroup of $\mathrm{Sym}(Ω)$ which leaves invariant each of the $G$-orbits for the induced action on $Ω\times Ω$. We prove that there are precisely $47$ finite totally $2$-closed groups with trivial Fitting subgroup. Each of these groups is a direct product of pairwise non-isomorphic sporadic simple groups, with the direct factors coming from the Janko groups $\mathrm{J}_1, \mathrm{J}_3$ and $\mathrm{J}_4$, together with $\mathrm{Ly}, \mathrm{Th}$ and the M…
Any virtually free group $H$ containing no non-trivial finite normal subgroup (e.g., the infinite dihedral group) is a retract of any finitely generated group containing $H$ as a verbally closed subgroup.
Let $G$ be a semisimple real algebraic Lie group of real rank at least two and $U$ be the unipotent radical of a non-trivial parabolic subgroup. We prove that a discrete Zariski dense subgroup of $G$ that contains an irreducible lattice of $U$ is an arithmetic lattice of $G$. This solves a conjecture of Margulis and extends previous work of Hee Oh.
Let $G_1 \times G_2$ be a subgroup of $\mathrm{SO}_3(\mathbb{R})$ such that the two factors $G_1$ and $G_2$ are non-trivial groups. We show that if $G_1 \times G_2$ is not abelian, then one factor is the (abelian) group of order 2, and the other factor is non-abelian and contains an element of order 2. There exist finite and infinite such non-abelian subgroups.
We show that in the extended modular group PGL(2,Z) there are exactly seven finite subgroups up to conjugacy; three subgroups of size 2, one subgroup each of size 3, 4, and 6, and the trivial subgroup of size 1.
We give sufficient conditions for the non-triviality of the Poisson boundary of random walks on $H(\mathbb{Z})$ and its subgroups. The group $H(\mathbb{Z})$ is the group of piecewise projective homeomorphisms over the integers defined by Monod. For a finitely generated subgroup $H$ of $H(\mathbb{Z})$, we prove that either $H$ is solvable, or every measure on $H$ with finite first moment that generates it as a semigroup has non-trivial Poisson boundary. In particular, we prove the non-triviality of the Poisson boundary of measures on Thompson's group $F$ that generate it as a semigroup and have…
Let $Γ$ be a crystallographic group of dimension $n,$ i.e. a discrete, cocompact subgroup of $\operatorname{Isom}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ = $O(n)\ltimes\mathbb{R}^n.$ For any $n\geq 2,$ we construct a crystallographic group with a trivial center and a trivial outer automorphism group.
One looks at expansive subgroups in particular examples of Roquette groups. This study is motivated by the importance of expansive subgroups in the theory of stabilizing bisets highlighted in [BouThe]. In this paper we prove the non-existence of expansive subgroups with trivial G-core in different examples of Roquette groups G.
The cogrowth of a subgroup is defined as the growth of a set of coset representatives which are of minimal length. A subgroup is essential if it intersects non-trivially every non-trivial subgroup. The main result of this paper is that every function $f:{\Bbb N}\cup \{0\}\rightarrow {\Bbb N}$ which is strictly increasing, but at most exponential, is equivalent to a cogrowth function of an essential subgroup of infinite index of the free group of rank two. This class of functions properly contains the class of growth functions of groups. The notions of growth and cogrowth of right ideals in alg…
This article computes the number of fuzzy subgroups of symmetric group $S_5$. First, an equivalence relation on the set of all fuzzy subgroups of a group G is defined.Without any equivalence relation on fuzzy subgroups of group G, the number of fuzzy subgroups is infinite, even for the trivial group. The\emph{Inclusion-Exclusion principle} is used to determine the number of distinct fuzzy subgroups of \textbf{symmetric group} $S_5$. Some inequalities satisfied by this number are also established for $n \geq 5$.
We show that if a group $G$ acting faithfully on a rooted tree $T$ has a free subgroup, then either there exists a point $w$ of the boundary $\partial T$ and a free subgroup of $G$ with trivial stabilizer of $w$, or there exists $w\in\partial T$ and a free subgroup of $G$ fixing $w$ and acting faithfully on arbitrarily small neighborhoods of $w$. This can be used to prove absence of free subgroups for different known classes of groups. For instance, we prove that iterated monodromy groups of expanding coverings have no free subgroups and give another proof of a theorem by S. Sidki.
We use the structure lattice, introduced in Part I, to undertake a systematic study of the class $\mathscr S$ consisting of compactly generated, topologically simple, totally disconnected locally compact groups that are non-discrete. Given $G \in \mathscr S$, we show that compact open subgroups of $G$ involve finitely many isomorphism types of composition factors, and do not have any soluble normal subgroup other than the trivial one. By results of Part I, this implies that the centraliser lattice and local decomposition lattice of $G$ are Boolean algebras. We show that the $G$-action on the S…
Given a finite non-cyclic group $G$, call $σ(G)$ the smallest number of proper subgroups of $G$ needed to cover $G$. Lucchini and Detomi conjectured that if a nonabelian group $G$ is such that $σ(G) < σ(G/N)$ for every non-trivial normal subgroup $N$ of $G$ then $G$ is \textit{monolithic}, meaning that it admits a unique minimal normal subgroup. In this paper we show how this conjecture can be attacked by the direct study of monolithic groups.
We study the finitely generated abelian group $T(G)$ of endo-trivial $kG$-modules where $kG$ is the group algebra of a finite group $G$ over a field of characteristic $p>0$. When the representation type of the group algebra is not wild, the group structure of $T(G)$ is known for the cases where a Sylow $p$-subgroup $P$ of $G$ is cyclic, semi-dihedral and generalized quaternion. We investigate $T(G)$, and more accurately, its torsion subgroup $TT(G)$ for the case where $P$ is a Klein-four group. More precisely, we give a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of the centralizers of involut…
For a finite group $G$ let $σ(G)$ (the "sum" of $G$) be the least number of proper subgroups of $G$ whose set-theoretical union is equal to $G$, and $σ(G)=\infty$ if $G$ is cyclic. We say that a group $G$ is $σ$-elementary if for every non-trivial normal subgroup $N$ of $G$ we have $σ(G)<σ(G/N)$. In this paper we produce the list of all the $σ$-elementary groups of sum up to 25. We also show that $σ(\Aut(PSL(2,8)))=29$.
In the first part, we prove that the dominion (in the sense of Isbell) of a subgroup of a finitely generated nilpotent group is trivial in the category of all nilpotent groups. In the second part, we show that the dominion of a subgroup of a finitely generated nilpotent group of class two is trivial in the category of all metabelian nilpotent groups.
In this paper, I show that if $p$ is an odd prime, and if $P$ is a finite $p$-group, then there exists an exact sequence of abelian groups $$0\to T(P)\to D(P)\to\lproj{P}\to H^1\big(\apdeux(P),\Z\big)^{(P)},$$ where $D(P)$ is the Dade group of $P$ and $T(P)$ is the subgroup of endo-trivial modules. Here $\lproj{P}$ is the group of sequences of compatible elements in the Dade groups $D\big(N_P(Q)/Q\big)$ for non trivial subgroups $Q$ of $P$. The poset $\apdeux(P)$ is the set of elementary abelian subgroups of rank at least 2 of $P$, ordered by inclusion. The group $H^1\big(\apdeux(P),\Z\big)^{(…
Let G be a p-adic Lie group and Ad be the adjoint representation of G on its Lie algebra. It was claimed in the literature that the kernel K of Ad always has an abelian open normal subgroup. We show by means of a counterexample that this assertion is false; it can even happen that K=G but G has no abelian subnormal subgroup except for the trivial group. The arguments are based on auxiliary results on subgroups of free products with central amalgamation.
We prove that the reduced Kurosh rank of the intersection of two subgroups $H$ and $K$ of a free product of right-orderable groups is bounded above by the product of the reduced Kurosh ranks of $H$ and $K$. In particular, taking the fundamental group of a graph of groups with trivial vertex and edge groups, and its Bass-Serre tree, our Theorem becomes the desired inequality of the usual Strengthened Hanna Neumann conjecture for free groups.
For a discrete group $Γ$ satisfying some finiteness conditions we give a Bredon projective resolution of the trivial module in terms of projective covers of the chain complex associated to certain posets of subgroups. We use this to give new results on dimensions of $Eγ$ and to reprove that for virtually solvable groups, $\underline{\cd}Γ=\vcdΓ$. We also deduce a formula to compute the Euler class of $Eγ$ for $Γ$ virtually solvable of type $\FP_\infty$ and use it to compute orbifold Euler characteristics.
A residually finite (profinite) group $G$ is just infinite if every non-trivial (closed) normal subgroup of $G$ is of finite index. This paper considers the problem of determining whether a (closed) subgroup $H$ of a just infinite group is itself just infinite. If $G$ is not virtually abelian, we give a description of the just infinite property for normal subgroups in terms of maximal subgroups. In particular, we show that such a group $G$ is hereditarily just infinite if and only if all maximal subgroups of finite index are just infinite. We also obtain results for certain families of virtual…
Given a simple Lie group $G$, we show that the lattices in $G$ are weakly uniformly discrete. This is a strengthening of the Kazhdan-Margulis theorem. Our proof however is straightforward --- considering general IRS rather than lattices allows us to apply a compactness argument. In terms of p.m.p. actions, we show that for every $ε$ there is an identity neighbourhood $U$ which intersects trivially the stabilizers of $1-ε$ of the points in every non-atomic $G$-space.
We will give an example of a branch group $G$ that has exponential growth but does not contain any non-abelian free subgroups. This answers question 16 from \cite{Bartholdi} positively. The proof demonstrates how to construct a non-trivial word $w_{a,b}(x,y)$ for any $a,b \in G$ such that $w_{a,b}(a,b) = 1$. The group $G$ is not just-infinite. We prove that every normal subgroup of $G$ is finitely generated as an abstract group and every proper quotient soluble. Further, $G$ has infinite virtual first Betti number but is not large.
In this paper we investigate actions of $\operatorname{SAut}(F_n)$, the unique index $2$ subgroup of $\operatorname{Aut}(F_n)$, on small sets, improving upon results by Baumeister--Kielak--Pierro for several small values of $n$. Using a computational approach for $n \geqslant 5$, we show that every action of $\operatorname{SAut}(F_n)$ on a set containing fewer than $18$ elements is trivial.
We study the representations of the commutator subgroup of the braid group with n strands in the symmetric group of degree r. Motivated by some experimental results, we conjecture that for n>r, every such representation is trivial.
Given a class of groups C, a group G is strongly accessible over C if there is a bound on the number of terms in a sequence L(1), L(2), ..., L(n) of graph of groups decompositions of G with edge groups in C such that L(1) is the trivial decomposition (with 1-vertex) and for i>1, L(i) is obtained from L(i-1) by non-trivially and compatibly splitting a vertex group of L(i-1) over a group in C, replacing this vertex group by the splitting and then reducing. If H and K are subgroups of a group G then H is smaller than K if H intersect K has finite index in H and infinite index in K. The minimal sp…
