Buczyńska and Wiśniewski showed that for the Jukes Cantor binary model of a 3-valent tree the Hilbert polynomial depends only on the number of leaves of the tree and not on its shape. We ask if this can be generalized to other group-based models. In this paper we consider the Kimura 3-parameter model and show that the generalization of the statement about the Hilbert polynomials to the Kimura 3-parameter model is not possible as the Hilbert polynomial depends on the shape of a 3-valent tree.
The present paper investigates properties of quasi-stable ideals and of Borel-fixed ideals in a polynomial ring $k[x_0,\dots,x_n]$, in order to design two algorithms: the first one takes as input $n$ and an admissible Hilbert polynomial $P(z)$, and outputs the complete list of saturated quasi-stable ideals in the chosen polynomial ring with the given Hilbert polynomial. The second algorithm has an extra input, the characteristic of the field $k$, and outputs the complete list of saturated Borel-fixed ideals in $k[x_0,\dots,x_n]$ with Hilbert polynomial $P(z)$. The key tool for the proof of bot…
In this article we mainly consider the positively Z-graded polynomial ring R=F[X,Y] over an arbitrary field F and Hilbert series of finitely generated graded R-modules. The central result is an arithmetic criterion for such a series to be the Hilbert series of some R-module of positive depth. In the generic case, that is, the degrees of X and Y being coprime, this criterion can be formulated in terms of the numerical semigroup generated by those degrees.
In this note, we give examples of formal power series satisfying certain conditions that cannot be realized as Hilbert series of finitely generated modules. This answers to the negative a question raised in a recent article by the second and the third author. On the other hand, we show that the answer is positive after multiplication with a scalar.
We study the normalization of a monomial ideal, and show how to compute its Hilbert function (using Ehrhart polynomials) if the ideal is zero dimensional. A positive lower bound for the second coefficient of the Hilbert polynomial is shown.
We construct isomorphisms of the Grothendieck group of a projective space and other groups related to Hilbert polynomials and total Chern classes. This is inspired by a correspondence between Chern and Hilbert polynomials stated in Eisenbud's Commutative Algebra. The equivalence of these two polynomials over the projective spaces is also discussed in this paper.
Statistical models of evolution are algebraic varieties in the space of joint probability distributions on the leaf colorations of a phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic invariants of a model are the polynomials which vanish on the variety. Several widely used models for biological sequences have transition matrices that can be diagonalized by means of the Fourier transform of an abelian group. Their phylogenetic invariants form a toric ideal in the Fourier coordinates. We determine generators and Gröbner bases for these toric ideals. For the Jukes-Cantor and Kimura models on a binary tree, our…
The Hilbert function, its generating function and the Hilbert polynomial of a graded ring R have been extensively studied since the famous paper of Hilbert: Ueber die Theorie der algebraischen Formen [Hil90]. In particular, the coefficients and the degree of the Hilbert polynomial play an important role in Algebraic Geometry. If the ring grading is non-standard, then its Hilbert function is not eventually equal to a polynomial but to a quasi-polynomial. It turns out that a Hilbert quasi-polynomial P of degree n splits into a polynomial S of degree n and a lower degree quasi-polynomial T. We ha…
We present an application of Hilbert quasi-polynomials to order domains, allowing the effective check of the second order-domain condition in a direct way. We also provide an improved algorithm for the computation of the related Hilbert quasi-polynomials. This allows to identify order domain codes more easily.
The Hilbert polynomial of a homogeneous complete intersection is determined by the degrees of the generators of the defining ideal. The degrees of the generators are not, in general, determined by the Hilbert polynomial -- but sometimes they are. When? We give some general criteria and completely answer the question up to codimension 6.
We show that there exists a saturated graded ideal in a standard graded polynomial ring which has the largest total Betti numbers among all saturated graded ideals for a fixed Hilbert polynomial.
We survey some of the major results about normal Hilbert polynomials of ideals. We discuss a formula due to Lipman for complete ideals in regular local rings of dimension two, theorems of Huneke, Itoh, Huckaba, Marley and Rees in Cohen-Macaulay analytically unramified local rings. We also discuss recent works of Goto-Hong-Mandal and Mandal-Singh-Verma concerning the positivity of the first coefficient of the normal Hilbert polynomial in unmixed analytically unramified local rings. Results of Moral{é}s and Villarreal linking normal Hilbert polynomial of monomial ideals with Ehrhart polynomials …
The \texttt{StronglyStableIdeals} package for \textit{Macaulay2} provides a method to compute all saturated strongly stable ideals in a given polynomial ring with a fixed Hilbert polynomial. A description of the main method and auxiliary tools is given.
Let M be a finitely generated ZZ-graded module over the standard graded polynomial ring R=K[X_1, ..., X_n] with K a field, and let H_M(t)=Q_M(t)/(1-t)^d be the Hilbert series of M. We introduce the Hilbert regularity of M as the lowest possible value of the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity for an R-module with Hilbert series H_M. Our main result is an arithmetical description of this invariant which connects the Hilbert regularity of M to the smallest k such that the power series Q_M(1-t)/(1-t)^k has no negative coefficients. Finally we give an algorithm for the computation of the Hilbert regula…
Let $(R,\mathfrak m)$ be an analytically unramified local ring of positive prime characteristic $p.$ For an ideal $I$, let $I^*$ denote its tight closure. We introduce the tight Hilbert function $H^*_I(n)=\ell(R/(I^n)^*)$ and the corresponding tight Hilbert polynomial $P_I^*(n)$ where $I$ is an $\mathfrak m$-primary ideal. It is proved that $F$-rationality can be detected by the vanishing of the first coefficient of $P_I^*(n).$ We find the tight Hilbert polynomial of certain parameter ideals in hypersurface rings and Stanley-Reisner rings of simplicial complexes.
In this paper we give an effective characterization of Hilbert functions and polynomials of standard algebras over an Artinian equicharacteristic local ring; the cohomological properties of such algebras are also studied. We describe algorithms to check the admissibility of a given function or polynomial as a Hilbert function or polynomial, and to produce a standard algebra with a given Hilbert function.
In this paper we find the tight closure of powers of parameter ideals of certain diagonal hypersurface rings. In many cases the associated graded ring with respect to tight closure filtration turns out to be Cohen-Macaulay. This helps us find the tight Hilbert polynomial in these diagonal hypersurfaces. We determine the tight Hilbert polynomial in the following cases: (1) F-pure diagonal hypersurfaces where number of variables is equal to the degree of defining equation, (2) diagonal hypersurface rings where characteristic of the ring is one less than the degree of defining equation and (3) qu…
Let $A = K[x_1, ..., x_n]$ denote the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $K$. We will classify all the Gotzmann ideals of $A$ with at most $n$ generators. In addition, we will study Hilbert functions $H$ for which all homogeneous ideals of $A$ with the Hilbert function $H$ have the same graded Betti numbers. These Hilbert functions will be called inflexible Hilbert functions. We introduce the notion of segmentwise critical Hilbert function and show that segmentwise critical Hilbert functions are inflexible.
In the paper we give an upper bound for the Waldschmidt constants of the wide class of ideals. This generalizes the result obtained by Dumnicki, Harbourne, Szemberg and Tutaj-Gasinska, Adv. Math. 2014. Our bound is given by a root of a suitable derivative of a certain polynomial associated with the asymptotic Hilbert polynomial.
Given the Hilbert function $u$ of a closed subscheme of a projective space over an infinite field $K$, let $m_u$ and $M_u$ be, respectively, the minimum and the maximum among all the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularities of schemes with Hilbert function $u$. I show that, for every integer $m$ such that $m_u \leq m \leq M_u$, there exists a scheme with Hilbert function $u$ and Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity $m$. As a consequence, the analogous algebraic result for an O-sequence $f$ and homogeneous polynomial ideals over $K$ with Hilbert function $f$ holds too. Although this result does not need any …
Let $R$ be the polynomial ring $K[x_{i,j}]$ where $1 \le i \le r$ and $j \in \mathbb{N}$, and let $I$ be an ideal of $R$ stable under the natural action of the infinite symmetric group $S_{\infty}$. Nagel--Römer recently defined a Hilbert series $H_I(s,t)$ of $I$ and proved that it is rational. We give a much shorter proof of this theorem using tools from the theory of formal languages and a simple algorithm that computes the series.
We study transformations of finite modules over Noetherian local rings that attach to a module $M$ a graded module $H^{0}_{\mathfrak{m}}( \mathrm{gr}_{I}(M))$ defined via partial systems of parameters of $M$. Despite the generality of the process, which are called $\mathbf{j}$-transforms, in numerous cases they have interesting cohomological properties. We focus on deriving the Hilbert functions of $\mathbf{j}$-transforms and studying the significance of the vanishing of some of its coefficients.
Using Macaulay's correspondence we study the family of Artinian Gorenstein local algebras with fixed symmetric Hilbert function decomposition. As an application we give a new lower bound for cactus varieties of the third Veronese embedding. We discuss the case of cubic surfaces, where interesting phenomena occur.
This paper is a systematic study of the Hilbert polynomial of a bigraded algebra R which are generated by elements of bidegrees (1,0), (d_1,1),...,(d_r,1), where d_1,...,d_r are non-negative integers. The obtained results can be applied to study Rees algebras of homogeneous ideals and their diagonal subalgebras. The Hilbert polynomial is computed explicitly in the following cases: (1) R is a bigraded polynomial ring of the above type; (2) R is the Rees algebra of an ideal generated by a homogeneous regular sequence; (3) R is the Rees algebra of the ideal generated by the maximal minors of a ge…
We present a new effective Nullstellensatz with bounds for the degrees which depend not only on the number of variables and on the degrees of the input polynomials but also on an additional parameter called the {\it geometric degree of the system of equations}. The obtained bound is polynomial in these parameters. It is essentially optimal in the general case, and it substantially improves the existent bounds in some special cases. The proof of this result is combinatorial, and it relies on global estimations for the Hilbert function of homogeneous polynomial ideals. In this direction, we obta…
Strongly stable monomial ideals are important in algebraic geometry, commutative algebra, and combinatorics. Prompted, for example, by combinatorial approaches for studying Hilbert schemes and the existence of maximal total Betti numbers among saturated ideals with a given Hilbert polynomial, in this note we present three algorithms to produce all strongly stable ideals with certain prescribed properties: the saturated strongly stable ideals with a given Hilbert polynomial, the almost lexsegment ideals with a given Hilbert polynomial, and the saturated strongly stable ideals with a given Hilbe…
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring, $I$ an ideal, $M$ and $N$ finitely generated $R$-modules. Assume $V(I)\cap Supp(M)\cap Supp(N)$ consists of finitely many maximal ideals and let $ł(\e^i(N/I^nN,M))$ denote the length of $\e^i(N/I^nN,M)$. It is shown that $ł(\e^i(N/I^nN,M))$ agrees with a polynomial in $n$ for $n>>0$, and an upper bound for its degree is given. On the other hand, a simple example shows that some special assumption such as the support condition above is necessary in order to conclude that polynomial growth holds.
Given an ideal of forms in an algebra (polynomial ring, tensor algebra, exterior algebra, Lie algebra, bigraded polynomial ring), we consider the Hilbert series of the factor ring. We concentrate on the minimal Hilbert series, which is achieved when the forms are generic. In the polynomial ring we also consider the opposite case of maximal series. This is mainly a survey article, but we give a lot of problems and conjectures. The only novel results concern the maximal series in the polynomial ring.
We investigate the relationship among several numerical invariants associated to a (free) projective hypersurface $V$: the sequence of mixed multiplicities of its Jacobian ideal, the Hilbert polynomial of its Milnor algebra, and the sequence of exponents when $V$ is free. As a byproduct, we obtain explicit equations for some of the homaloidal surfaces in the projective 3-dimensional space constructed by C. Ciliberto, F. Russo and A. Simis.
The growth of Hilbert coefficients for powers of ideals are studied. For a graded ideal $I$ in the polynomial ring $S=K[x_1,...,x_n]$ and a finitely generated graded $S$-module, the Hilbert coefficients $e_i(M/I^kM)$ are polynomial functions. Given two families of graded ideals $(I_k)_{k\geq 0}$ and $(J_k)_{k\geq 0}$ with $J_k\subset I_k$ for all $k$ with the property that $J_kJ_\ell\subset J_{k+\ell}$ and $I_kI_\ell\subset I_{k+\ell}$ for all $k$ and $\ell$, and such that the algebras $A=\Dirsum_{k\geq 0}J_k$ and $B=\Dirsum_{k\geq 0}I_k$ are finitely generated, we show the function $k \mapsto…
The main aim of this paper is to provide a method which allows finding limiting shapes of symbolic generic initial systems of higher-dimensional subvarieties of P^n. M. Mustata and S. Mayes established a connection between volumes of complements of limiting shapes and the asymptotic multiplicity for ideals of points. In the paper we prove a generalization of this fact to higher-dimensional sets.
Given a fat point scheme $\mathbb{W}=m_1P_1+\cdots+m_sP_s$ in the projective $n$-space $\mathbb{P}^n$ over a field $K$ of characteristic zero, the modules of Kähler differential $k$-forms of its homogeneous coordinate ring contain useful information about algebraic and geometric properties of $\mathbb{W}$ when $k\in\{1,\dots, n+1\}$. In this paper we determine the value of its Hilbert polynomial explicitly for the case $k=n+1$, confirming an earlier conjecture. More precisely this value is given by the multiplicity of the fat point scheme $\mathbb{Y} = (m_1-1)P_1 + \cdots + (m_s-1)P_s$. For $n…
The multigraded Hilbert scheme parametrizes all homogeneous ideals in a polynomial ring graded by an abelian group with a fixed Hilbert function. We prove that any multigraded Hilbert scheme is smooth and irreducible when the polynomial ring is ZZ[x,y], which establishes a conjecture of Haiman and Sturmfels.
Let $K$ be an inversive difference-differential field and $L$ a (not necessarily inversive) finitely generated difference-differential field extension of $K$. We consider the natural filtration of the extension $L/K$ associated with a finite system $η$ of its difference-differential generators and prove that for any intermediate difference-differential field $F$, the transcendence degrees of the components of the induced filtration of $F$ are expressed by a certain numerical polynomial $χ_{K, F,η}(t)$. This polynomial is closely connected with the dimension Hilbert-type polynomial of a submodu…
Closed subschemes in projective space with a fixed Hilbert polynomial are parametrized by a Hilbert scheme. We classify the smooth ones. We identify numerical conditions on a polynomial that completely determine when the Hilbert scheme is smooth. We also reinterpret these smooth Hilbert schemes as generalized partial flag varieties and describe the subschemes being parametrized.
In this paper we investigate some algebraic and geometric consequences which arise from an extremal bound on the Hilbert function of the general hyperplane section of a variety (Green's Hyperplane Restriction Theorem). These geometric consequences improve some results in this direction first given by Green and extend others by Bigatti, Geramita, and Migliore. Other applications of our detailed investigation of how the Hilbert polynomial is written as a sum of binomials, are to conditions that must be satisfied by a polynomial if it is to be the Hilbert polynomial of a non-degenerate integral s…
We introduce and study equivariant Hilbert series of ideals in polynomial rings in countably many variables that are invariant under a suitable action of a symmetric group or the monoid $Inc(\mathbb{N})$ of strictly increasing functions. Our first main result states that these series are rational functions in two variables. A key is to introduce also suitable submonoids of $Inc(\mathbb{N})$ and to compare invariant filtrations induced by their actions. Extending a result by Hillar and Sullivant, we show that any ideal that is invariant under these submonoids admits a Gröbner basis consisting o…
