We will show that a theorem of Rudin \cite{wr1}, \cite{wr}, permits us to determine minimal projections not only with respect to the operator norm but with respect to quasi-norms in operators ideals and numerical radius in many concrete cases.
In this paper we survey some results on minimality of projections with respect to numerical radius. We note that in the cases $L^p$, $p=1,2,\infty$, there is no difference between the minimality of projections measured either with respect to operator norm or with respect to numerical radius. However, we give an example of a projection from $l^p_3$ onto a two-dimensional subspace which is minimal with respect to norm, but not with respect to numerical radius for $p\neq 1,2,\infty$. Furthermore, utilizing a theorem of Rudin and motivated by Fourier projections, we give a criterion for minimal pr…
It is proved that the projection constants of two- and three-dimensional spaces are bounded by $4/3$ and $(1+\sqrt 5)/2$, respectively. These bounds are attained precisely by the spaces whose unit balls are the regular hexagon and dodecahedron. In fact, a general inequality for the projection constant of a real or complex $n$-dimensional space is obtained and the question of equality therein is discussed.
In this paper, we firstly character the structures of symmetries $J$ such that a projection $P$ is $J$-contractive. Then the minimal and maximal elements of the symmetries $J$ with $P^{\ast}JP\leqslant J$(or $JP\geqslant0)$ are given. Moreover, some formulas between $P_{(2I-P-P^{\ast})^{+}}$ $(P_{(2I-P-P^{\ast})^{-}})$ and $P_{(P+P^{\ast})^-}$ $(P_{(P+P^{\ast})^+})$ are established.
Let $X$ be a finite-dimensional normed space and let $Y \subseteq X$ be its proper linear subspace. The set of all minimal projections from $X$ to $Y$ is a convex subset of the space all linear operators from $X$ to $X$ and we can consider its affine dimension. We establish several results on the possible values of this dimension. We prove optimal upper bounds in terms of the dimensions of $X$ and $Y$. Moreover, we improve these estimates in the polyhedral normed spaces for an open and dense subset of subspaces of the given dimension. As a consequence, in the polyhedral normed spaces a minimal…
The paper is concerned with the problem of identifying the norm attaining operators in the von Neumann algebra generated by two orthogonal projections on a Hilbert space. This algebra contains every skew projection on that Hilbert space and hence the results of the paper also describe functions of skew projections and their adjoints that attain the norm.
We prove that for any two projection operators $f,g$ on Hilbert space, their anticommutator norm is given by the formula \[\|fg + gf\| = \|fg\| + \|fg\|^2.\] The result demonstrates an interesting contrast between the commutator and anticommutator of two projection operators on Hilbert space. Specifically, the norm of the anticommutator $\|fg + gf\|$ is a simple quadratic function of the norm $\|fg\|$ while the commutator norm $\|fg - gf\|$ is not a function of $\|fg\|$. Nevertheless, the result gives the following bounds that are functions of $\|fg\|$ on the commutator norm: $\|fg\| - \|fg\|^…
This is the survey of results about norm one projections and 1-complemented subspaces in Köthe function spaces and Banach sequence spaces. The historical development of the theory is presented from the 1930's to the newest ideas. Proofs of the main results are outlined. Open problems are also discussed. Every effort has been made to include as complete a bibliography as possible.
We make a detailed study of norm retrieval. We give several classification theorems for norm retrieval and give a large number of examples to go with the theory. One consequence is a new result about Parseval frames: If a Parseval frame is divided into two subsets with spans $W_1,W_2$ and $W_1 \cap W_2=\{0\}$, then $W_1 \perp W_2$.
In the article is shown that classes of finite equivalence that are generated by Lebesgue-Riesz spaces Lp have the amalgamation property if and only if p is not equal to an even natural number that is strongly large then 2.
The projection constant $Π(E):=Π(E, \ell_\infty)$ of a finite-dimensional Banach space $E\subset\ell_\infty$ is by definition the smallest norm of a linear projection of $\ell_\infty$ onto $E$. Fix $n\geq 1$ and denote by $Π_n$ the maximal value of $Π(\cdot)$ amongst $n$-dimensional real Banach spaces. We prove for every $\varepsilon >0$ that there exist an integer $d\geq 1$ and an $n$-dimensional subspace $E\subset\ell_1^d$ such that $Π_n \leq Π(E, \ell_1^d) +2 \varepsilon$ and the orthogonal projection $P\colon \ell_1^d\to E$ is almost minimal in the sense that $\lVert P \rVert \leq Π(E, \el…
Let $K$ be a centrally symmetric spherical and simplicial polytope, whose vertices form a $\frac{1}{4n}-$net in the unit sphere in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We prove a uniform lower bound on the norms of all hyperplane projections $P: X \to X$, where $X$ is the $n$-dimensional normed space with the unit ball $K$. The estimate is given in terms of the determinant function of vertices and faces of $K$. In particular, if $N \geq n^{4n}$ and $K = \conv \{ \pm x_1, \pm x_2, \ldots, \pm x_N \}$, where $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_N$ are independent random points distributed uniformly in the unit sphere, then every hy…
\begin{abstract} In this manuscript, we answer a list of longstanding open problems on weak phase retrieval including: (1) A complete classification of the vectors $\{x_i\}_{i=1}^2$ in $\RR^3$ that do weak phase retrieval; (2) We show that frames doing weak phase retrieval in $\RR^n$ must span $\RR^n$; (3) We give an example of a set of vectors doing phase retrieval but their orthogonal complement hyperplanes fail weak phase retrieval; (4) We give a classification of weak phase retrievable frames - which makes clear the difference between phase retrieval and weak phase retrieval; (5) We classi…
Let $D\subset\mathbb C^n$ be a bounded, strongly Levi-pseudoconvex domain with minimally smooth boundary. We prove $L^p(D)$-regularity for the Bergman projection $B$, and for the operator $|B|$ whose kernel is the absolute value of the Bergman kernel with $p$ in the range $(1,+\infty)$. As an application, we show that the space of holomorphic functions in a neighborhood of $\bar{D}$ is dense in $\vartheta L^p (D)$.
We characterize norm one complemented subspaces of Orlicz sequence spaces $\ell_M$ equipped with either Luxemburg or Orlicz norm, provided that the Orlicz function $M$ is sufficiently smooth and sufficiently different from the square function. This paper concentrates on the more difficult real case, the complex case follows from previously known results.
The set $D_{A_0}$, of pairs of orthogonal projections $(P,Q)$ in generic position with fixed difference $P-Q=A_0$, is shown to be a homogeneus smooth manifold: it is the quotient of the unitary group of the commutant $\{A_0\}'$ divided by the unitary subgroup of the commutant $\{P_0, Q_0\}'$, where $(P_0,Q_0)$ is any fixed pair in $D_{A_0}$. Endowed with a natural reductive structure (a linear connection) and the quotient Finsler metric of the operator norm, it behaves as a classic Riemannian space: any two pairs in $D_{A_0}$ are joined by a geodesic of minimal length. Given a base pair $(P_0,…
We investigate metric projections and distance functions referring to convex bodies in finite-dimensional normed spaces. For this purpose we identify the vector space with its dual space by using, instead of the usual identification via the standard inner product, the Legendre transform associated with the given norm. This approach yields re-interpretations of various properties of convex functions, and new relations between such functions and geometric properties of the studied norm are also derived.
Let ${\cal C}({\cal H})={\cal B}({\cal H}) / {\cal K}({\cal H})$ be the Calkin algebra (${\cal B}({\cal H})$ the algebra of bounded operators on the Hilbert space ${\cal H}$, ${\cal K}({\cal H})$ the ideal of compact operators and $π:{\cal B}({\cal H})\to {\cal C}({\cal H})$ the quotient map), and ${\cal P}_{{\cal C}({\cal H})}$ the differentiable manifold of selfadjoint projections in ${\cal C}({\cal H})$. A projection $p$ in ${\cal C}({\cal H})$ can be lifted to a projection $P\in{\cal B}({\cal H})$: $π(P)=p$. We show that given $p,q \in {\cal P}_{{\cal C}({\cal H})}$, there exists a minimal…
The norm of the Riesz projection from $L^\infty(\T^n)$ to $L^p(\T^n)$ is considered. It is shown that for $n=1$, the norm equals $1$ if and only if $p\le 4$ and that the norm behaves asymptotically as $p/(πe)$ when $p\to \infty$. The critical exponent $p_n$ is the supremum of those $p$ for which the norm equals $1$. It is proved that $2+2/(2^n-1)\le p_n <4$ for $n>1$; it is unknown whether the critical exponent for $n=\infty$ exceeds $2$.
Let ${\cal A}$ be a von Neumann algebra and ${\cal P}_{\cal A}$ the manifold of projections in ${\cal A}$. There is a natural linear connection in ${\cal P}_{\cal A}$, which in the finite dimensional case coincides with the the Levi-Civita connection of the Grassmann manifold of $\mathbb{C}^n$. In this paper we show that two projections $p,q$ can be joined by a geodesic, which has minimal length (with respect to the metric given by the usual norm of ${\cal A}$), if and only if $$ p\wedge q^\perp\sim p^\perp\wedge q, $$ where $\sim$ stands for the Murray-von Neumann equivalence of projections. …
The rigidity problem for uniform Roe algebras was recently positively solved. Before its solution was found, there were positive solutions under the assumption of certain technical geometric conditions. In this paper, we introduce weaker versions of the operator norm localization property (ONL) which turn out to characterize those technical geometric conditions. We use this to obtain new rigidity results for nonmetrizable coarse spaces. As an application, we provide a novel partial answer to a question of White and Willett about Cartan subalgebras of uniform Roe algebras. We also study embeddi…
In this note, for any two orthogonal projection $P,Q$ on a Hilbert space, the characterization of spectrum of anticommutator $PQ+QP$ has been obtained. As a corollary, the norm formula $$\parallel PQ+QP\parallel=\parallel PQ\parallel+\parallel PQ\parallel^2$$ has been got an alternative proof (see Sam Waltrs, Anticommutator norm formula for projection operators, arXiv:1604.00699vl [math.FA] 3 Apr 2016)
In this paper we present new structural information about the multiplier algebra Mult (A) of a sigma-unital purely infinite simple C*-algebra A, by characterizing the positive elements a in Mult(A) that are strict sums of projections belonging to A. If a is not in A and is not a projection, then the necessary and sufficient condition for a to be a strict sum of projections belonging to A is that the norm ||a||>1 and that the essential norm ||a||_ess >=1. Based on a generalization of the Perera-Rordam weak divisibility of separable simple C*-algebras of real rank zero to all sigma-unital simple…
Let $φ$ be a function in the Hardy space $H^2(\mathbb{T}^d)$. The associated (small) Hankel operator $\mathbf{H}_φ$ is said to have minimal norm if the general lower norm bound $\|\mathbf{H}_φ\| \geq \|φ\|_{H^2(\mathbb{T}^d)}$ is attained. Minimal norm Hankel operators are natural extremal candidates for the Nehari problem. If $d=1$, then $\mathbf{H}_φ$ has minimal norm if and only if $φ$ is a constant multiple of an inner function. Constant multiples of inner functions generate minimal norm Hankel operators also when $d\geq2$, but in this case there are other possibilities as well. We investi…
We investigate sharp frame bounds of Gabor frames with chirped Gaussians and rectangular lattices or, equivalently, the case of the standard Gaussian and general lattices. We prove that for even redundancy and standard Gaussian window the hexagonal lattice minimizes the upper frame bound using a result by Montgomery on minimal theta functions.
We introduce a noncommutative analogue of the absolute value of a regular operator acting on a noncommutative $\mathrm{L}^p$-space. We equally prove that two classical operator norms, the regular norm and the decomposable norm are identical. We also describe precisely the regular norm of several classes of regular multipliers. This includes Schur multipliers and Fourier multipliers on some unimodular locally compact groups which can be approximated by discrete groups in various senses. A main ingredient is to show the existence of a bounded projection from the space of completely bounded $\mat…