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arXiv 1003.4387quant-ph
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量子物理学中的经典方法

Classical approach in quantum physics

Evgeni A. Solov'ev

摘要:

经典方法在各种量子问题中的应用--外场中氢原子和氦原子量子化的久期微扰方法、交叉电场和磁场中氢原子半经典谱计算的绝热开关方法、氢原子激发态的自发衰变、Gutzwiller的Stark问题方法、本文评述了最近在Poincar $\acute{\mathrm{e}}$部分的帮助下发现的氦原子的长寿命激发态,即慢、快电子-原子和离子-原子碰撞中的非弹性跃迁。进一步讨论了量子理论中的一个经典表示。在这个表示中,量子态被看作是经典态的系综。这种方法为精确描述经典轨道蒙特卡罗方法中的初态和终态以及对隧穿现象的纯经典解释开辟了道路。并对半经典级数结构的一般方面如重整群对称性、精确性判据等作了评述。最后讨论了量子理论与经典物理和测量的关系。

英文摘要:

The application of a classical approach to various quantum problems - the secular perturbation approach to quantization of a hydrogen atom in external fields and a helium atom, the adiabatic switching method for calculation of a semiclassical spectrum of hydrogen atom in crossed electric and magnetic fields, a spontaneous decay of excited states of a hydrogen atom, Gutzwiller's approach to Stark problem, long-lived excited states of a helium atom recently discovered with the help of Poincar$\acute{\mathrm{e}}$ section, inelastic transitions in slow and fast electron-atom and ion-atom collisions - is reviewed. Further, a classical representation in quantum theory is discussed. In this representation the quantum states are treating as an ensemble of classical states. This approach opens the way to an accurate description of the initial and final states in classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method and a purely classical explanation of tunneling phenomenon. The general aspects of the structure of the semiclassical series such as renormgroup symmetry, criterion of accuracy and so on are reviewed as well. In conclusion, the relation between quantum theory, classical physics and measurement is discussed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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