The cones of divisors and curves defined by various positivity conditions on a smooth projective variety have been the subject of a great deal of work in algebraic geometry, and by now they are quite well understood. However the analogous cones for cycles of higher codimension and dimension have started to come into focus only recently. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the phenomena that can occur by working out the picture fairly completely in a couple of simple but non-trivial cases. Specifically, we study cycles of arbitrary codimension on the self-product of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication, as well as two dimensional cycles on the product of a very general abelian surface with itself. Already one finds various non-classical behavior, for instance nef cycles that fail to be pseudoeffective: this answers a question raised in 1964 by Grothendieck in correspondence with Mumford. We also propose a substantial number of open problems for further investigation.
We study the cones of surfaces on varieties of lines on cubic fourfolds and Hilbert schemes of points on K3 surfaces. From this we obtain new examples of nef cycles which fail to be pseudoeffective.
The goal of this work is to study positivity of subvarieties with nef normal bundle in the sense of intersection theory. After Ottem's work on ample subschemes, we introduce the notion of a nef subscheme, which generalizes the notion of a subvariety with nef normal bundle. We show that restriction of a pseudoeffective (resp. big) divisor to a nef subvariety is pseudoeffective (resp. big). We also show that ampleness and nefness are transitive properties. We define the weakly movable cone as the cone generated by the pushforward of cycle classes of nef subvarieties via proper surjective maps. T…
We show that the pseudoeffective cone of $k$-cycles on a complete complexity one $T$-variety is rational polyhedral for any $k$, generated by classes of $T$-invariant subvarieties. When $X$ is also rational, we give a presentation of the Chow groups of $X$ in terms of generators and relations, coming from the combinatorial data defining $X$ as a $T$-variety.
We propose a conjectural list of Fano manifolds of Picard number $1$ with pseudoeffective normalized tangent bundles, which we prove in various situations by relating it to the complete divisibility conjecture of Russo and Zak on varieties with small codegree. Furthermore, the pseudoeffective thresholds and hence the pseudoeffective cones of the projectivized tangent bundles of rational homogeneous spaces of Picard number $1$ are explicitly determined by studying the total dual VMRT and the geometry of stratified Mukai flops. As a by-product, we obtain sharp vanishing theorems on the global tw…
We prove that the non-nef locus and the restricted base locus of a pseudoeffective divisor coincide on KLT pairs. We also extend to KLT pairs F. Russo's characterization of nef and abundant divisors by means of asymptotic multiplier ideals.
We study generalizations for higher codimension cycles of several well-known definitions of the nef cone of divisors on a projective variety. These generalizations fix some of the pathologies exhibited by the classical nef cone of higher codimension classes. As an application, we recover the expected properties of the pseudoeffective cones $\overline{Eff}_{k}(X)$ for all k.
In this article, we consider the projective bundle $\mathbb{P}_X(E)$ over a smooth complex projective variety $X$, where $E$ is a semistable bundle on $X$ with $c_2(End(E)) =0$. We give a necessary and sufficient condition to get the equality $ Nef^1\bigl(\mathbb{P}_X(E)\bigr) = \overline{Eff}^1\bigl(\mathbb{P}_X(E)\bigr)$ of nef cone and pseudoeffective cone of divisors in $\mathbb{P}_X(E)$. As an application of our result, we show the equality of nef and pseudoeffective cones of divisors of projective bundles over some special varieties. In particular, we show that weak Zariski decomposition…
Let $E$ be a vector bundle of rank $r$ on a smooth complex projective variety $X$. In this article, we compute the nef and pseudoeffective cones of divisors in the Grassmann bundle $Gr_X(k,E)$ parametrizing $k$-dimensional subspaces of the fibers of $E$, where $1\leq k \leq rank(E)$, under assumptions on $X$ as well as on the vector bundle $E$. In particular, we show that nef cone and the pseudoeffective cone of $Gr_X(k,E)$ coincide if and only if $E$ is a slope semistable bundle on $X$ with $c_2(End(E))=0$. We also discuss about the nefness and ampleness of the universal quotient bundle $Q_k$…
For a smooth projective variety $X$, we consider when the diagonal $Δ_X$ is nef as a cycle on $X\times X$. In particular, we give a classification of complete intersections and smooth del Pezzo varieties where the diagonal is nef. We also study the nefness of the diagonal for spherical varieties.
We show that the pseudoeffective cone of divisors $\overline{\text{Eff}}^1(\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n})$ for $g\geq 2$ and $n\geq 2$ is not polyhedral by showing that the class of the fibre of the morphism forgetting one point forms an extremal ray of the dual nef cone of curves $\overline{\text{Nef}}_1(\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n})$ and the cone at this ray is not polyhedral.
We study the classification problem for polarized varieties with high nefvalue. We give a complete list of isomorphism classes for normal polarized varieties with high nefvalue. This generalizes classical work on the smooth case by Fujita, Beltrametti and Sommese. As a consequence we obtain that polarized varieties with slc singularities and high nefvalue, are birationally equivalent to projective bundles over nodal curves.
We classify mildly singular Fano varieties $X$ such that $\mathrm{Nef}(X)=\mathrm{Psef}(X)$ and that the Picard number of $X$ is equal to the dimension of $X$ minus $1$.
We construct examples to show that having nef cotangent bundle is not preserved under finite ramified covers. Our examples also show that a projective manifold with Stein universal cover may not have nef cotangent bundle, disproving a conjecture of Liu-Maxim-Wang.
Let X be a smooth projective threefold, and let A be an ample line bundle such that $K_X+A$ is nef. We show that if $K_X$ or $-K_X$ is pseudoeffective, the adjoint bundle $K_X+A$ has global sections. We also give a very short proof of the Beltrametti-Sommese conjecture in dimension three, recently proven by Fukuma: if A is an ample line bundle such that $K_X+2A$ is nef, the adjoint bundle $K_X+2A$ has global sections.
Under some conditions on the deformation type, which we expect to be satisfied for arbitrary irreducible symplectic varieties, we describe which big and nef line bundles on irreducible symplectic varieties have base divisors. In particular, we show that such base divisors are always irreducible and reduced. This is applied to understand the behaviour of divisorial base components of big and nef line bundles under deformations and for K3$^{[n]}$-type and Kum$^n$-type.
We show that nef cycle classes on smooth complete spherical varieties are effective, and the products of nef cycle classes are also nef. Let X be a smooth projective spherical variety such that its effective cycle classes of codimension k are nef, where 1<= k <= dim(X)-1. We study the properties of X. And we show that if X is a toric variety, then X is isomorphic to the product of some projective spaces; if X is toroidal, then X is isomorphic to a rational homogeneous space; if X is horospherical, dim(X)>= 3 and k=2, then effective divisors on X are nef; if X is horospherical and effective div…
We approach non-divisorial base loci of big and nef line bundles on irreducible symplectic varieties. While for K3 surfaces, only divisorial base loci can occur, nothing was known about the behaviour of non-divisorial base loci for more general irreducible symplectic varieties. We determine the base loci of all big and nef line bundles on the Hilbert scheme of two points on very general K3 surfaces of genus two and on their birational models. Remarkably, we find an ample line bundle with a non-trivial base locus in codimension two. We deduce that, generically in the moduli spaces of polarized …
In this article we prove new results on projective normality and normal presentation of adjunction bundle associated to an ample and globally generated line bundle on higher dimensional smooth projective varieties with nef canonical bundle. As one of the consequences of the main theorem, we give bounds on very ampleness and projective normality of pluricanonical linear systems on varieties of general type in dimensions three, four and five. These improve known such results.
Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic $p$ whose tangent bundle is nef. We prove that $X$ admits a smooth morphism $X \to M$ such that the fibers are Fano varieties with nef tangent bundle and $T_M$ is numerically flat. We also prove that extremal contractions exist as smooth morphisms. As an application, we prove that, if the Frobenius morphism can be lifted modulo $p^2$, then $X$ admits, up to a finite étale Galois cover, a smooth morphism onto an ordinary abelian variety whose fibers are products of projective spaces.
We introduce the notion of potentially klt pairs for normal projective varieties with pseudoeffective anticanonical divisor. The potentially non-klt locus is a subset of $X$ which is birationally transformed precisely into the non-klt locus on a $-K_X$-minimal model of $X$. We prove basic properties of potentially non-klt locus in comparison with those of classical non-klt locus. As applications, we give a new characterization of varieties of Fano type, and we also improve results on the rational connectedness of uniruled varieties with pseudoeffective anticanonical divisor.
We construct Q-factorial terminal Fano varieties, starting in dimension 4, whose nef cone jumps when the variety is deformed. It follows that de Fernex and Hacon's results on deformations of 3-dimensional Fanos are optimal. The examples are based on the existence of high-dimensional flips which deform to isomorphisms, generalizing the Mukai flop. We also extend de Fernex and Hacon's positive results on deformations of Fano varieties. Toric Fano varieties which are smooth in codimension 2 and Q-factorial in codimension 3 are rigid. The divisor class group is deformation-invariant for klt Fanos …
We study projectivizations of a special class of toric vector bundles that includes cotangent bundles, whose associated Klyachko filtrations are particularly simple. For these projectivized bundles, we give generators for the cone of effective divisors and a presentation of the Cox ring as a polynomial algebra over the Cox ring of a blowup of a projective space along a sequence of linear subspaces. As applications, we show that the projectivized cotangent bundles of some toric varieties are not Mori dream spaces and give examples of projectivized toric vector bundles whose Cox rings are isomor…
We study the geometry of projective manifolds whose tangent bundles are nef on sufficiently general curves (i.e. the tangent bundle is generically nef) and show that manifolds whose anticanonical bundles are semi-ample have this property. Furthermore we introduce a notion of sufficient nefness and investigate the relation with manifolds whose anticanonical bundles are nef.
Automorphism groups and Homogeneous fibrations on projective varieties with nef anticanonical divisors
Department of Mathematics, Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学数学系）；Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University（西交利物浦大学数学科学系）
We prove a conjecture of Boucksom-Demailly-Păun-Peternell, namely that on a projective manifold $X$ the cone of pseudoeffective classes in $H^{1,1}_{\mathbb{R}}(X)$ is dual to the cone of movable classes in $H^{n-1,n-1}_{\mathbb{R}}(X)$ via the Poincaré pairing. This is done by establishing a conjectured transcendental Morse inequality for the volume of the difference of two nef classes on a projective manifold. As a corollary the movable cone is seen to be equal to the closure of the cone of balanced metrics. In an appendix by Boucksom it is shown that the Morse inequality also implies that t…
In these notes we investigate the cone of nef curves of projective varieties, which is the dual cone to the cone of pseudo-effective divisors. We prove a structure theorem for the cone of nef curves of projective $\mathbb Q$-factorial klt pairs of arbitrary dimension from the point of view of the Minimal Model Program. This is a generalization of Batyrev's structure theorem for the cone of nef curves of projective terminal threefolds.
In this paper, we study smooth complex projective varieties $X$ such that some exterior power $\bigwedge^r T_X$ of the tangent bundle is strictly nef. We prove that such varieties are rationally connected. We also classify the following two cases. If $T_X$ is strictly nef, then $X$ isomorphic to the projective space $\mathrm{P}^n$. If $\bigwedge^2 T_X$ is strictly nef and if $X$ has dimension at least $3$, then $X$ is either isomorphic to $\mathrm{P}^n$ or a quadric $\mathrm{Q}^n$.
In this paper, we investigate the explicit birational geometry for projective $ε$-lc varieties polarised by nef and big Weil divisors. We show that if $X$ is a projective $ε$-lc variety, $H$ is a nef and big Weil divisor with $\dim\overline{φ_{H}(X)}\geq n-1$ and $L$ is an effective Weil divisor such that $|L-K_X|\neq \emptyset$ or $L-K_X$ is nef, then we can find an explicit lower bound of $\text{vol}(H)$ and prove that $|L+m^\prime H|$ is birational for $m^\prime\geq m$, where $m$ is an explicit number which depends only on $n$ and $ε$. This result can be applied to polarised Calabi-Yau vari…
In the paper \cite{Lau16}, it was shown that the restriction of a pseudoeffective divisor $D$ to a subvariety $Y$ with nef normal bundle is pseudoeffective. Assuming the normal bundle is ample and that $D|_Y$ is not big, we prove that the numerical dimension of $D$ is bounded above by that of its restriction, i.e. $κ_σ(D)\leq κ_σ(D|_Y)$. The main motivation is to study the cycle classes of "positive" curves: we show that the cycle class of a curve with ample normal bundle lies in the interior of the cone of curves, and the cycle class of an ample curve lies in the interior of the cone of movab…
We develop techniques for computing the equivariant local mirror symmetry of curves, i.e. mirror symmetry for O(k)+O(-2-k) over P^1 for k greater than 0. We also describe related methods for dealing with mirror symmetry of non-nef toric varieties. The basic tools are equivariant I functions and their Birkhoff factorization.
We give another alternative proof to the Kawamata semiampleness theorem for the log canonical divisors on klt varieties which are nef and abundant. After the first version of this article was posted to the e-print Arxiv, Prof. Fujino notified the author that the quick and essential proof ([Fujino. On Kawamata's theorem.(EMS 2011), Rem 2.7]) is already known. The author would like to thank him. More precisely, Prof. Fujino already gave the quick and essential proof ([Fujino. On Kawamata's thm.(EMS 2011), Rem 2.7], [Fujino. Finite generation of the lc ring in dim 4. (Kyoto J. Math. 50 (2010)), R…
In this paper, which is a sequel of [BKLV], we study the convex-geometric properties of the cone of pseudoeffective $n$-cycles in the symmetric product $C_d$ of a smooth curve $C$. We introduce and study the Abel-Jacobi faces, related to the contractibility properties of the Abel-Jacobi morphism and to classical Brill-Noether varieties. We investigate when Abel-Jacobi faces are non-trivial, and we prove that for $d$ sufficiently large (with respect to the genus of $C$) they form a maximal chain of perfect faces of the tautological pseudoeffective cone (which coincides with the pseudoeffective …
In this paper we show that a smooth toric variety $X$ of Picard number $r\leq 3$ always admits a nef primitive collection supported on a hyperplane admitting non-trivial intersection with the cone $\Nef(X)$ of numerically effective divisors and cutting a facet of the pseudo-effective cone $\Eff(X)$, that is $\Nef(X)\cap\partial\overline{\Eff}(X)\neq\{0\}$. In particular this means that $X$ admits non-trivial and non-big numerically effective divisors. Geometrically this guarantees the existence of a fiber type contraction morphism over a smooth toric variety of dimension and Picard number lowe…
We study the positivity of exterior powers of the tangent sheaf on toric varieties in order to generalize results by Campana and Peternell about 3-folds with nef second exterior power of the tangent bundle. Using the theory of equivariant vector bundles and the toric MMP, we establish in the smooth case a criterion for the positivity of $Λ^m\mathcal T_X$ in terms of wall relations. As an application, we classify smooth toric varieties of arbitrary dimension $n\ge3$ with $Λ^2\mathcal T_X$ nef and those of dimension $n\ge 4$ with $Λ^3\mathcal T_X$ ample.
The nef cone of a projective variety Y is an important and often elusive invariant. In this paper we construct two polyhedral lower bounds and one polyhedral upper bound for the nef cone of Y using an embedding of Y into a toric variety. The lower bounds generalize the combinatorial description of the nef cone of a Mori dream space, while the upper bound generalizes the F-conjecture for the nef cone of the moduli space \bar{M}_{0,n} to a wide class of varieties.
We classify smooth complex projective varieties $X \subset \proj^N$ of dimension $2s+1$ containing a linear subspace $Λ$ of dimension $s$ whose normal bundle $N_{Λ/X}$ is numerically effective.
Generalizing the notions of reflexive polytopes and nef-partitions of Batyrev and Borisov, we propose a mirror symmetry construction for Calabi-Yau complete intersections in Fano toric varieties.
We compute Seshadri constants of a torus equivariant nef vector bundle on a projective space satisfying certain conditions. As an application, we compute Seshadri constants of tangent bundles on projective spaces. We also consider equivariant nef vector bundles on Bott towers of height 2 (i.e. Hirzebruch surfaces) and Bott towers of height 3 respectively. Assuming some conditions on the minimal slope of the restrictions of these bundles to invariant curves, we give precise values of Seshadri constant at an arbitrary point. We also give several examples illustrating our results.
We study torus-equivariant vector bundles $E$ on a complex projective variety $X$ which is either a Bott-Samelson-Demazure-Hansen variety or a wonderful compactification of a complex symmetric variety of minimal rank. We show that $E$ is nef (respectively, ample) if and only if its restriction to every torus--invariant curve in $X$ is nef (respectively, ample). We also compute the Seshadri constants $\varepsilon(E,x)$, where $x\, \in\, X$ is any point fixed by the action of a maximal torus.
Let $X$ be the wonderful compactification of a complex symmetric space $G/H$ of minimal rank. For a point $x\,\in\, G$, denote by $Z$ be the closure of $BxH/H$ in $X$, where $B$ is a Borel subgroup of $G$. The universal cover of $G$ is denoted by $\widetilde{G}$. Given a $\widetilde{G}$ equivariant vector bundle $E$ on $X,$ we prove that $E$ is nef (respectively, ample) if and only if its restriction to $Z$ is nef (respectively, ample). Similarly, $E$ is trivial if and only if its restriction to $Z$ is so.
We determine the cone of nef divisors on the Voronoi compactification A_g^* of the moduli space A_g of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension g for genus g=2,3. As a corollary we obtain that the spaces A_g^*(n) with level-n structure are a minimal, resp. canonical, model for g=2, n>=4, resp. n>=5 and g=3, n>=3, resp. n>=4. We give two proofs: The easy and quick one reduces the problem to \bar M_g where we can use a result of Faber. This approach cannot be generalized to higher genus g. The main point of the paper is, therefore, to give a second proof using theta functions and a r…
In this paper we investigate the geometry of projective varieties polarised by ample and more generally nef and big Weil divisors. First we study birational boundedness of linear systems. We show that if $X$ is a projective variety of dimension $d$ with $ε$-lc singularities for $ε>0$, and if $N$ is a nef and big Weil divisor on $X$ such that $N-K_X$ is pseudo-effective, then the linear system $|mN|$ defines a birational map for some natural number $m$ depending only on $d,ε$. This is key to proving various other results. For example, it implies that if $N$ is a big Weil divisor (not necessaril…
We give a sharp lower bound for the selfintersection of a nef line bundle $L$ on an irregular variety $X$ in terms of its continuous global sections and the Albanese dimension of $X$, which we call the Generalized Clifford-Severi inequality. We also extend the result to nef vector bundles and give a slope inequality for fibred irregular varieties. As a byproduct we obtain a lower bound for the volume of irregular varieties; when $X$ is of maximal Albanese dimension the bound is $Vol(X) \geq 2 n! χω_X$ and it is sharp.
We give a criterion for the projectivisation of a reflexive sheaf on a klt space to be induced by a projective representation of the fundamental group of the smooth locus. This criterion is then applied to give a characterisation of finite quotients of projective spaces and Abelian varieties by $\mathbb{Q}$-Chern class (in)equalities and a suitable stability condition. This stability condition is formulated in terms of a naturally defined extension of the tangent sheaf by the structure sheaf. We further examine cases in which this stability condition is satisfied, comparing it to K-semistabili…
