λ噬菌体的DNA喷射的离子依赖动力学
Ion-dependent dynamics of DNA ejections for bacteriophage lambda
摘要：
我们研究的控制参数，在体外噬菌体λ DNA喷射的动力学。过去的研究表明，噬菌体DNA是高度加压的;这种压力被假设有助于驱动DNA喷射。离子通过筛选DNA上的电荷来影响这一过程;然而，尚未进行盐浓度的系统变化来探索这些影响。为了研究驱动DNA喷射的力的性质，我们在体外进行了大量的DNA喷射测量，并在单噬菌体水平。我们目前的测量动力学的弹射和自排斥力驱动弹射。我们研究的离子浓度和身份在这两个测量中的作用，并表明，反离子的电荷是一个重要的控制参数。这些测量结果表明，作用于喷射DNA的摩擦力微妙地取决于衣壳中给定量DNA的离子浓度。我们还提出了证据表明，噬菌体DNA在弹射过程中形成循环，我们证实，这种效果发生使用光镊。我们推测这有助于细胞质中基因组的环化。
英文摘要：
We study the control parameters that govern the dynamics of in vitro DNA ejection in bacteriophage lambda. Past work has demonstrated that bacteriophage DNA is highly pressurized; this pressure has been hypothesized to help drive DNA ejection. Ions influence this process by screening charges on DNA; however, a systematic variation of salt concentrations to explore these effects has not been undertaken. To study the nature of the forces driving DNA ejection, we performed in vitro measurements of DNA ejection in bulk and at the single-phage level. We present measurements on the dynamics of ejection and on the self-repulsion force driving ejection. We examine the role of ion concentration and identity in both measurements, and show that the charge of counter-ions is an important control parameter. These measurements show that the frictional force acting on the ejecting DNA is subtly dependent on ionic concentrations for a given amount of DNA in the capsid. We also present evidence that phage DNA forms loops during ejection; we confirm that this effect occurs using optical tweezers. We speculate this facilitates circularization of the genome in the cytoplasm.
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