渗透压和hydrostatic pressures在噬菌体基因组排出中的作用
Role of osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in bacteriophage genome ejection
摘要：
噬菌体生命周期中的一个关键步骤是将基因组弹射到宿主细菌中。\textit{in vitro}已经彻底研究了双链DNA双链体的排出过程，在细胞受体触发后，基因组排出到缓冲液中。实验数据已被解释为与基因组排出相关的致密DNA自由能的减少。在这里，我们详细介绍了一个简单的模型基因组喷射在噬菌体，细菌和缓冲液/培养基内的流体静压和渗透压。我们认为，与水从缓冲液运动到噬菌体衣壳和进一步排水到细菌细胞质中，由细菌细胞质和培养基之间的渗透梯度驱动的流体动力学流动，提供了一种替代机制，噬菌体基因组弹射\textit{in vivo} ;该机制是完全一致的噬菌体基因组弹射\textit{in vitro}。
英文摘要：
A critical step in the bacteriophage life cycle is genome ejection into host bacteria. The ejection process for double-stranded DNA phages has been studied thoroughly \textit{in vitro}, where after triggering with the cellular receptor the genome ejects into a buffer. The experimental data have been interpreted in terms of the decrease in free energy of the densely packed DNA associated with genome ejection. Here we detail a simple model of genome ejection in terms of the hydrostatic and osmotic pressures inside the phage, a bacterium, and a buffer solution/culture medium. We argue that the hydrodynamic flow associated with the water movement from the buffer solution into the phage capsid and further drainage into the bacterial cytoplasm, driven by the osmotic gradient between the bacterial cytoplasm and culture medium, provides an alternative mechanism for phage genome ejection \textit{in vivo}; the mechanism is perfectly consistent with phage genome ejection \textit{in vitro}.
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