DNA升温：等温滴定量热法揭示噬菌体基因组弹射的能量学
DNA heats up : Energetics of genome ejection from phage revealed by isothermal titration calorimetry
摘要：
已知大多数噬菌体在受体结合时以基本上自发的方式将其双链DNA注入细菌。这种从完整病毒体到空病毒衣壳加上释放的DNA的下坡热力学过程是通过基因组主动包装到衣壳中期间储存的能量而实现的。到目前为止，使用单分子或渗透抑制技术只能间接测量这种能量。在本文中，我们描述了第一次使用等温滴定量热法直接测量的热释放（或等效的焓）在DNA弹射从噬菌体λ，在溶液中由溶解的受体触发。定量分析的结果导致识别与DNA弹射相关的热力学决定因素。所获得的值被认为是与以前预测的分析模型和数值模拟相一致。此外，结果证实了DNA水合作用在病毒衣壳基因组限制的能量学中的作用。
英文摘要：
Most bacteriophages are known to inject their double-stranded DNA into bacteria upon receptor binding in an essentially spontaneous way. This downhill thermodynamic process from the intact virion toward the empty viral capsid plus released DNA is made possible by the energy stored during active packaging of the genome into the capsid. Only indirect measurements of this energy have been available until now using either single-molecule or osmotic suppression techniques. In this paper, we describe for the first time the use of isothermal titration calorimetry to directly measure the heat released (or equivalently the enthalpy) during DNA ejection from phage lambda, triggered in solution by a solubilized receptor. Quantitative analyses of the results lead to the identification of thermodynamic determinants associated with DNA ejection. The values obtained were found to be consistent with those previously predicted by analytical models and numerical simulations. Moreover, the results confirm the role of DNA hydration in the energetics of genome confinement in viral capsids.
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