Fast infrared variability from a relativistic jet in GX 339-4
P. Casella, T. J. Maccarone, K. O'Brien, R. P. Fender, D. M. Russell, M. van der Klis, A. Pe'er, D. Maitra, D. Altamirano, T. Belloni, G. Kanbach, M. Klein-Wolt… 展开作者
P. Casella, T. J. Maccarone, K. O'Brien, R. P. Fender, D. M. Russell, M. van der Klis, A. Pe'er, D. Maitra, D. Altamirano, T. Belloni, G. Kanbach, M. Klein-Wolt, E. Mason, P. Soleri, A. Stefanescu, K. Wiersema, R. Wijnands
备注:
5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
我们提出了在黑洞瞬态GX 339-4中发现的快速红外/X射线相关变化。2008年8月,在其持续的低通量高变硬态期间,VLT/ISAAC和RXTE/PCA同时以亚秒级时间分辨率观测到该源。数据显示出强烈的相关变化,红外辐射比X射线辐射滞后100 ms。短的时间延迟和几乎对称的交叉关联函数,以及测量到的~2.5 x 10^6 K的亮度温度,表明明亮且高度可变的红外辐射很可能来自黑洞附近的喷流。在喷流物理学的标准假设下,测得的时间延迟可以为我们提供一个γ> 2的喷流的洛伦兹因子的下限。这表明,来自恒星质量黑洞的喷流在其发射区域附近至少具有温和的相对论性。我们讨论了这种技术的未来应用的影响。
英文摘要:
We present the discovery of fast infrared/X-ray correlated variability in the black-hole transient GX 339-4. The source was observed with sub-second time resolution simultaneously with VLT/ISAAC and RXTE/PCA in August 2008, during its persistent low-flux highly variable hard state. The data show a strong correlated variability, with the infrared emission lagging the X-ray emission by 100 ms. The short time delay and the nearly symmetric cross-correlation function, together with the measured brightness temperature of ~2.5 x 10^6 K, indicate that the bright and highly variable infrared emission most likely comes from a jet near the black hole. Under standard assumptions about jet physics, the measured time delay can provide us a lower limit of Gamma > 2 for the Lorentz factor of the jet. This suggests that jets from stellar-mass black holes are at least mildly relativistic near their launching region. We discuss implications for future applications of this technique.
Various quasi-periods for the long-term variability of the radio emission, optical emission, and structural position angle of the inner part of the parsec-scale jet in the blazar 0716+714 have been detected. The relationships between these quasi-periods are interpreted assuming that the variability arises due to a helical structure of the jet, which is preserved from regions near the jet base to at least 1 milliarcsecond from the core observed in radio interferometric observations. The radiating jet components should display radial motions with Lorentz factors of $\approx3$, and decelerate wit…
Structured jets are recently invoked to explain the complex emission of gamma ray bursts, such as GW 170817. Based on the accretion simulations, the jets are expected to have a structure that is more complex than a simple top-hat. Also, the structure of launching regions of blazar jets should influence their large scale evolution. This is recently revealed by the interactions of jet components in TXS 0506+056, where the jet is observed at a viewing angle close to zero. Observational studies have also shown an anti-correlation between the jet variability, measured e.g. by its minimum variabilit…
Relativistic AGN jets exhibit multi-timescale variability and a broadband non-thermal spectrum extending from radio to gamma-rays. These highly magnetized jets are prone to undergo several Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities during their propagation in space and could trigger jet radiation and particle acceleration. This work aims to study the implications of relativistic kink mode instability on the observed long-term variability in the context of the twisting in-homogeneous jet model. To achieve this, we investigate the physical configurations preferable for forming kink mode instabilit…
It is generally believed that the variability of photospheric emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) traces that of the jet power. This work further investigates the variability of photospheric emission in a variable jet. By setting a constant $η$ (dimensionless entropy of the jet), we find that the light curve of the photospheric emission shows a ``tracking'' pattern on the time profile of jet power. However, the relative variability is significantly low in the photospheric emission compared with that in the jet power. If the $η$ is genetic variable, the variability of the photospheric emission …
Different Jet Dissipation Mechanisms Underlying the Variability in Blazars
Nanjing University(南京大学);Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University, Ministry of Education(南京大学现代天文与天体物理教育部重点实验室);Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center(天府宇宙线研究中心)
Variability and Proper Motion of X-ray Knots in the Jet of Centaurus A
我们报告钱德拉观测结果,分析半人马座A的X射线喷流的可变性和自行的证据。使用跨越15年的数据,集体自行$11.3\pm3.3$ mas yr $^{-1}$,或$0.68\pm0.20c$,检测到较暗的X射线结和其他子结构内的射流。三个最亮的节点(AX1A,AX1C和BX 2)被发现是固定的上限为$0.10c$。在喷流中的几个X射线节中检测到高达27%的亮度变化。对于衰落节点BX 2和AX 1C,没有发现预期伴随同步加速器冷却的光谱斜率的变化,排除了它,并为它们的每个磁场强度设置了$\simeq 80\rm\ μG$的上限。绝热膨胀可以解释观测到的亮度下降。对模型的约束的起源的结建立。射流等离子体越过障碍物是有利于发电机的固定结,而移动的结可能产生的内部差异,喷流速度或后期阶段的喷流相互作用与星云或云材料。
We study the jet in the hard state of the accreting black-hole binary MAXI J1820+070. From the available radio-to-optical spectral and variability data, we put strong constraints on the jet parameters. We find while it is not possible to uniquely determine the jet Lorentz factor from the spectral and variability properties alone, we can estimate the jet opening angle ($\approx 1.5\pm1^\circ$), the distance at which the jet starts emitting synchrotron radiation ($\sim 3 \times10^{10}$cm), and the magnetic field strength there ($\sim$10$^4$G), with relatively low uncertainty, as they depend weak…
A universal relationship between the variability timescale and black hole mass in black hole jetted and non-jetted accreting systems
Qujing Normal University(曲靖师范学院);Nanjing University(南京大学);Anqing Normal University(安庆师范大学);Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院云南天文台)
Blazar jet structure can be indirectly resolved by analyzing the multiwavelength variability. In this work, we analyze the long-term variability of blazars in radio, optical and X-ray energies with the Gaussian process (GP) method. The multiwavelength variability can be successfully characterized by the damped-random walk (DRW) model. The nonthermal optical characteristic timescales of 38 blazars are statistically consistent with the $γ$-ray characteristic timescales of 22 blazars. For three individuals (3C 273, PKS 1510-089, and BL Lac), the nonthermal optical, X-ray, and $γ$-ray characterist…