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arXiv 1810.00515astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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来自三维传播相对论喷流的射电大声AGN变率

Radio-loud AGN variability from three-dimensional propagating relativistic jets

Yutong Li, Paul J. Wiita, Terance Schuh, Geena Elghossain, Shaoming Hu

摘要:

射电强活动星系核的巨大尺寸和辐射的变化来自于等离子体沿两个相反方向的喷流的相对论性流动。我们使用雅典娜流体动力学代码来模拟一个广泛的套件的54个传播的三维相对论射流与宽范围的输入射流速度和射流与周围物质的密度比。我们确定哪些参数集产生不稳定的射流,产生射流为主的FR I型射电星系的形态,并倾向于产生稳定的射流与热点和FR II形态。几乎所有的模拟都涉及与周围介质的内部压力相匹配的射流,但我们也考虑了超压射流,并讨论了与标准射流的差异。我们还表明,结果并不强烈依赖于流体的绝热指数。我们专注于模拟,保持稳定的延长距离(60-240)倍的初始射流半径。缩放到更小的尺寸探测VLBI观测,在这样的模拟流的波动产生的变化,从几个月的时间尺度上观察到的发射率。采用这些模拟的密度,压力和速度的结果,我们估计归一化的静止帧同步辐射率从单个细胞的射流。从每个细胞观察到的发射强烈依赖于其可变的多普勒增强因子。我们将来自主加密激波周围数千个区域的通量相加。光变曲线和功率谱,红噪声斜率在-2.1和-2.5之间,这样产生的光变曲线和从耀变体观测到的光变曲线相似。

英文摘要:

The enormous sizes and variability of emission of radio-loud AGNs arise from the relativistic flows of plasma along two oppositely directed jets. We use the Athena hydrodynamics code to simulate an extensive suite of 54 propagating three-dimensional relativistic jets with wide ranges of input jet velocities and jet-to-ambient matter density ratios. We determine which parameter sets yield unstable jets that produce jet dominated FR I type radio galaxy morphologies and which tend to produce stable jets with hot-spots and FR II morphologies. Nearly all our simulations involve jets with internal pressures matched to those of the ambient medium but we also consider over-pressured jets and discuss differences from the standard ones. We also show that the results are not strongly dependent on the adiabatic index of the fluid. We focus on simulations that remain stable for extended distances (60-240) times the initial jet radius. Scaled to the much smaller sizes probed by VLBI observations, the fluctuations in such simulated flows yield variability in observed emissivity on timescales from months. Adopting results for the densities, pressures and velocities from these simulations we estimate normalized rest frame synchrotron emissivities from individual cells in the jets. The observed emission from each cell is strongly dependent upon its variable Doppler boosting factor. We sum the fluxes from thousands of zones around the primary reconfinement shock. The light curves an power-spectra, with red-noise slopes between -2.1 and -2.5, so produced are similar to those observed from blazars.

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