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arXiv 2107.09141astro-ph.GA
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来自LOFAR两米巡天的SDSS类星体的射电响度:无处不在的喷流活动和对恒星形成的限制

The radio loudness of SDSS quasars from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: ubiquitous jet activity and constraints on star formation

C. Macfarlane, P. N. Best, J. Sabater, G. Gurkan, M. J. Jarvis, H. J. A. Rottgering, R. D. Baldi, G. Calistro Rivera, K. J. Duncan, L. K. Morabito, I. Prandoni,… 展开作者

C. Macfarlane, P. N. Best, J. Sabater, G. Gurkan, M. J. Jarvis, H. J. A. Rottgering, R. D. Baldi, G. Calistro Rivera, K. J. Duncan, L. K. Morabito, I. Prandoni, E. Retana-Montenegro

摘要:

我们研究了来自斯隆数字巡天的约42,000个类星体的无线电发射分布,如LOFAR两米巡天(LoTSS)所测量的那样。我们提出了一个类星体的射电光度分布模型,假设每个类星体显示两个源的无线电发射的叠加:活动星系核(喷流)和恒星形成。我们的双组分模型提供了一个很好的匹配观测到的无线电通量密度分布在广泛的红移和类星体的光学光度,这表明,喷气发射机制在所有类星体,但不同的供电效率。喷流功率的广泛分布允许在“无线电安静”和“无线电大声”类星体制度之间的平稳过渡,而不需要任何明确的双峰。最佳拟合模型参数表明,类星体宿主星系的恒星形成率与类星体光度密切相关,并且至少在z~2处随红移增加而增加。对于恒星形成速率标度为$SFR \propto L_{bol}^α(1+z)^β$的模型,我们发现$α= 0.47 \pm 0.01$和$β= 1.61 \pm 0.05$与远红外研究一致。在z=0.5时,类星体贡献了宇宙恒星形成率密度的0.15%,到z=2时上升到0.4%。典型的无线电喷流功率被认为是增加光学光度和黑洞质量独立,但不随红移而变化,这表明内在属性支配的无线电喷流的生产。我们讨论了这些结果的触发类星体活动和发射的喷气机的影响。

英文摘要:

We examine the distribution of radio emission from ~42,000 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, as measured in the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). We present a model of the radio luminosity distribution of the quasars that assumes that every quasar displays a superposition of two sources of radio emission: active galactic nuclei (jets) and star-formation. Our two-component model provides an excellent match to the observed radio flux density distributions across a wide range of redshifts and quasar optical luminosities; this suggests that the jet-launching mechanism operates in all quasars but with different powering efficiency. The wide distribution of jet powers allows for a smooth transition between the 'radio-quiet' and 'radio-loud' quasar regimes, without need for any explicit bimodality. The best-fit model parameters indicate that the star-formation rate of quasar host galaxies correlates strongly with quasar luminosity and also increases with redshift at least out to z~2. For a model where star-formation rate scales as $SFR \propto L_{bol}^α(1+z)^β$, we find $α= 0.47 \pm 0.01$ and $β= 1.61 \pm 0.05$, in agreement with far-infrared studies. Quasars contribute ~0.15 per cent of the cosmic star-formation rate density at z=0.5, rising to 0.4 per cent by z=2. The typical radio jet power is seen to increase with both increasing optical luminosity and black hole mass independently, but does not vary with redshift, suggesting intrinsic properties govern the production of the radio jets. We discuss the implications of these results for the triggering of quasar activity and the launching of jets.

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