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arXiv 1002.0539math.GT
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虚纽结的有限型不变量的宇称和奇异组合公式

Parity and Exotic Combinatorial Formulae for Finite-Type Invariants of Virtual Knots

Micah Chrisman, Vassily Olegovich Manturov

摘要:

本文给出了虚纽结不变量的高斯图公式的例子,这些公式在经典纽结情况下没有类似的。这些组合公式包含有关如何将子图嵌入虚拟结图的附加信息。额外的信息来自第二作者最近发现的奇偶性概念。对于平坦虚纽结的奇偶性,新的组合公式是Kauffman有限型不变量。然而,许多组合公式具有奇异性质。证明了对于任意n,存在一个n阶的整数值虚拟化不变组合公式(即它在改变一个箭头的方向但保持符号的映射下是稳定的).因此,它不是Goussarov-Polyak-Viro有限型的。此外,每一个齐次Polyak-Viro组合公式允许分解成一个“偶数”部分和一个“奇数”部分。对于高斯宇称,公式的任何部分都不是GPV有限型时,它是在经典的纽结集上的非常数。此外,还得到了11个新的非GPV有限型的二阶非平凡组合公式.

英文摘要:

The present paper produces examples of Gauss diagram formulae for virtual knot invariants which have no analogue in the classical knot case. These combinatorial formulae contain additional information about how a subdiagram is embedded in a virtual knot diagram. The additional information comes from the second author's recently discovered notion of parity. For a parity of flat virtual knots, the new combinatorial formulae are Kauffman finite-type invariants. However, many of the combinatorial formulae possess exotic properties. It is shown that there exists an integer valued virtualization invariant combinatorial formula of order n for every n (i.e. it is stable under the map which changes the direction of one arrow but preserves the sign). Hence, it is not of Goussarov-Polyak-Viro finite-type. Moreover, every homogeneous Polyak-Viro combinatorial formula admits a decomposition into an "even" part and an "odd" part. For the Gaussian parity, neither part of the formula is of GPV finite-type when it is nonconstant on the set of classical knots. In addition, eleven new non-trivial combinatorial formulae of order 2 are presented which are not of GPV finite-type.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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