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arXiv 0912.4750astro-ph.COgr-qc
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结构形成对宇宙膨胀率的影响:来自数值模拟的估计

Effects of structure formation on the expansion rate of the Universe: An estimate from numerical simulations

Xinghai Zhao, Grant J. Mathews

摘要:

当爱因斯坦方程在局部非均匀宇宙学中的空间体积上取平均时,宇宙膨胀率的广义相对论修正就产生了。有人认为,它们可能有助于观察到的宇宙加速。在本文中,我们提出了一个新的计划,利用数值模拟,使这些修正的大小在(3+1)时空中的一般不均匀性的现实估计。然后,我们定量计算的体积平均膨胀率使用N体大尺度结构模拟,并将其与在一个标准的FRW宇宙学的膨胀率。我们发现,在弱引力场极限下,收敛的修正值略大于先前声称的10^{-5}能级,但还不够大,甚至没有正确的符号来驱动当前的宇宙加速。然而,累积效应是否会显著改变宇宙的膨胀历史,这个问题需要用强场相对论来进一步研究。

英文摘要:

General relativistic corrections to the expansion rate of the Universe arise when the Einstein equations are averaged over a spatial volume in a locally inhomogeneous cosmology. It has been suggested that they may contribute to the observed cosmic acceleration. In this paper, we propose a new scheme that utilizes numerical simulations to make a realistic estimate of the magnitude of these corrections for general inhomogeneities in (3+1) spacetime. We then quantitatively calculate the volume averaged expansion rate using N-body large-scale structure simulations and compare it with the expansion rate in a standard FRW cosmology. We find that in the weak gravitational field limit, the converged corrections are slightly larger than the previous claimed 10^{-5} level, but not large enough nor even of the correct sign to drive the current cosmic acceleration. Nevertheless, the question of whether the cumulative effect can significantly change the expansion history of the Universe needs to be further investigated with strong-field relativity.

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