光学介质中迈克耳孙干涉仪测量条纹位移的物理解释
Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson interferometer in optical media
摘要：
我通过实验发现，在真空中（折射率$n$ = 1.）在迈克耳孙干涉仪中，由于光路中没有粒子，干涉条纹不发生位移，只有在光介质中粒子浓度达到一定值时，干涉条纹才会发生位移。在干涉仪的光管（每臂长度为6米）中的剩余气压从1毫米汞柱增加到1500毫米汞柱，仅在气压为300毫米汞柱（$n$ = 1.00014.光管中的气压增加到760 mm Hg（$n$ = 1.0003.）在1500 mm Hg压力下，谐波条纹位移~0.06变得明显。发现条纹位移随折射率$n$的符号变化呈S形，从而得到了地球相对于以太速度的水平投影估计。在奥布宁斯克的纬度，这个速度在140 - 480 km/s范围内随昼夜时间而变化。第四版的报告补充说明了锯齿形光路玻璃反射镜转折点安装不当对记录干涉条纹位移$ΔX_m$的有害影响。空气干涉仪中的偏移的无效可能发生，因为通过我发现的定律$ΔX_m \sim lΔε(1-Δε)$，空气和玻璃光学介质的贡献的相反符号。这可能是迄今为止已知的大多数迈克尔逊型实验中获得阴性结果的原因。
英文摘要：
I have found experimentally that in vacuum (refractive index $n$ = 1.) the shift of interference fringe in Michelson interferometer is absent because of the absence of particles on the light path. The shift of interference fringe appears only at a certain concentration of particles in the luminiferous medium. The increase of the remnant air pressure in the optical tubes of the interferometer (of the length 6 m in each arm) from 1 mm Hg to 1500 mm Hg reveals first indications of the interference fringe shift (about 0.015 of its width) only at the air pressure 300 mm Hg ($n$ = 1.00014...). The increase of the air pressure in optical tubes up to 760 mm Hg ($n$ = 1.0003...) adds twice the amplitude of the harmonic shift of the interference fringe giving ~0.03, and at the pressure 1500 mm Hg the harmonic fringe shift ~0.06 became conspicuous. The S-shaped with the change of sign dependence of the fringe shift on the index of refraction $n$ was found. Thus the estimation of the horizontal projection of the velocity of the Earth relative to aether is obtained. At the latitude of Obninsk this velocity varies depending on the time of day and night within 140 - 480 km/s. The forth version of the report is complemented with the account of the harmful effect on registering the shift $ΔX_m$ of the interference fringe of the improperly installed in turning-points of the zigzag light path glass mirrors. The nullifying of the shift in air interferometers may occur because of opposite signs of contributions of the air and glass optical media through the discovered by me law $ΔX_m \sim lΔε(1-Δε)$. This may be the cause of obtaining negative results in majority of Michelson-type experiments known to date.
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