迈克耳孙干涉仪测量什么以及如何测量
What and how the Michelson interferometer measures
摘要：
麦克斯韦在1879年提出的以太探测器，乍一看，似乎是一个简单的装置。例如，迈克尔逊在1881年认为，他建立了一个仪器，（当你把它在水平面）将测量在真空（折射率n=1）的谐波位移的干涉条纹。事实上，案件涉及的更多。没有一次被理解（误解持续了大约90年），移动的干涉条纹只发生在载体的光包含粒子，即有n>1。在1968-1975年，我已经通过实验证明，在从光传播的区域抽运气体的过程中，即随着光载体的粒子数的减少，以及噪声干扰的减少，干涉条纹的谐波位移总是必然消失。一旦考虑到条纹位移的可观测性与光载体中粒子浓度的相关性，我就能够可靠地测量地球的绝对运动速度为几百公里/秒。在第六版中，我纠正了公式（21）中的错误。文中还为实验者提供了如何将噪声和假干扰的有害影响减小到所需信号的可测量水平以下的建议，并为非零条纹位移测量的解释者给出了与光学介质中实验一致的相对论不变的以太风速公式的推导（1<n<1.8）。在出版物Phys.Lett.A374（2010）1110中，我报告了关于测量在奥布宁斯克纬度的地球绝对速度的水平投影为140-480 km/s，取决于白天和黑夜的时间。这个实验结果之所以成为可能，只是因为我能够克服上述方法和解释的文物。
英文摘要：
Proposed by Maxwell in 1879 detector of aether seems, at a superficial glance, a simple device. For example, Michelson in 1881 thought that he built an instrument that (when you turn it in the horizontal plane) will measure in vacuum (refractive index n=1) the harmonic shift of the interference fringe. In reality the case is much more involved. Not at once it was understood (the misunderstanding lasted about 90 years) that the shift of interference fringe occurs only when the carriers of light contain particles, i.e. have n>1. In 1968-1975 I have demonstrated experimentally that during the pumping of the gas from the zones where the light propagates, i.e. with decreasing the number of particles of the light's carrier, along with the reduction of noise disturbances always necessarily vanishes the harmonic shift of the interference fringe. As soon as the correlation of the observability of the fringe shift with the concentration of particles in the light's carrier has been taken into account, I was able to reliably measure the speed of absolute motion of the Earth as a few hundred km/s. In the sixth version I corrected the slip in formula (21). There is suggested for experimenters the advice how to diminish below the measurable level of the sought-for signal the harmful influence of the noise and false interferences, and for interpreters of measurements of non-zero fringe shift the derivation is given of a relativistically invariant formula of the aether wind speed that agrees with the experiments in optical media with 1<n<1.8. In the publication Phys.Lett.A 374 (2010) 1110 I reported about measuring the horizontal projection of absolute velocity of the Earth at the latitude of Obninsk as 140-480 km/s depending on the time of day and night. This experimental result became possible only owing to that I was able to overcome the above mentioned methodical and interpretational artifacts.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
